Physical Activity in Primary School Children Essay

Physical activity is crucial for a child’s development and lays the foundation for a healthy and active life. Children are becoming overweight and obese due to poor food choices and an increasing sedentary lifestyle (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). High calorie food and increased indoor activity, such as watching television or computer games, are fuelling the unhealthy lifestyle epidemic in children. Physical activity in middle childhood, (8 to12 year olds), is a crucial component in addressing and preventing this crisis, and it appears that schools in conjunction with teachers have a large role to play. Research (NSW Health/SPANS, 2006) has shown that obesity has increased over the last 20 years in Australian school children aged 7 to16 years.†¦show more content†¦Physically active young people are more likely to adopt other healthy behaviours (e.g. avoidance of tobacco, alcohol and drug use) and demonstrate higher academic performance at school (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2011). While Covic et al. (2007) discussed that the community generally perceives childhood obesity as an issue to be addressed at the family level, others feel it is a whole-of-community concern and therefore prevention and education should be a combined effort across all sectors of the community including teachers, schools, GP’s, education and local government authorities, non- government agencies and the wider public, voluntary and community sectors, parents and carers, (Bauman et al, 2002). A national approach of mixed strategies is thought to yield optimal results in reducing the incidence of obesity at the population level. Policies, resources, projects and campaigns designed to promote three key issues; 1) physical activity, 2) nutrition and healthy eating and 3) mental health and well-being, are thought to produce the greatest health benefit. School curriculum programs and policies should be in keeping with the above three concepts, while also considering the school environment, interaction with parents and the local community (Shilton 2001). It is the teachers’ role to adapt these policies and curricula into their classrooms. The WA Health and Physical Education learning area promotes curriculum designed with a holistic approach to goodShow MoreRelatedChildren s Physical Activity Levels During Primary School1988 Words   |  8 Pagesarticle entitled ‘Children’s physical activity levels during primary school break times: a quantitative and qualitative research design.’ The purpose of the article is to investigate the â€Å"diversity of primary school children’s physical activity† during outdoor recess. The research was carried out in two phases; phase one was the quantitative phase; the quantitative phase relied on the gathering of observational data using the System for Observing Children’s Activity and Relationships during PlayRead MoreA Report On Physical Activity1459 Words   |  6 Pages1 Terms of reference On the instructions of the teacher/lecturer a report on physical activity in young people is required for submission. Recommendations as appropriate are to be included. 2 Procedure 2.1 The project was discussed and agreed with the lecturer/teacher. 2.2 With the prior agreement of the head teacher 25 questionnaires for children and adults were distributed at the local school. 2.3 Various books and papers from the library were analyzed. 2.4 Information was obtained from The AmericanRead MoreThe International Study Of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle And The Environment ( Isole ) Design And Methods1470 Words   |  6 PagesRecognition and management of overweight and obese children: A questionnaire survey of general practitioners and parents in England (Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health). 2. Paper 2: Features of the built environment related to the Physical activity friendliness and Children’s Obesity and other risk factors (Public Health Nursing). 3. Paper 3: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISOLE) design and methods. Using primary research method, Paper 1 investigated theRead MoreObesity : Childhood Obesity And Obesity955 Words   |  4 Pagesoverweight and obesity among the children. Their knowledge of nutrition, food selection and family meal structure has major impact on their children’s food habit. The preschool age is crucial for the children to learn and develop their lifelong habits. Education starts from home, where parents are the primary source of teaching their children about health, nutrition and food choices. They are the first liner in prevention of childhood obesity. When children start going to school, it is parents’ responsibilityRead MoreTeachers Role in Addressing/Preventing Obesity1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe greatest health risk facing children today is not a terrible disease such as Leukaemia. It is obesity, a condition that has been on the rise in the past several decades. Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat or when total body fat is more than 25% in boys and more than 32% in girls. Factors associated with obesity can include genes, domestic environment, health conditions, psychological influences and lifestyle and eating habits. However research has shown that the child’sRead MoreThe American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Third Edition ( Dsm 5 )1206 Words   |  5 Pagesof â€Å"attentional resources,† delays in the speed in which stimuli are processed, and failures to appropriately implement action monitoring processes as assessed using neuroelectric measures (Pontifex, 2013). Moreover, ADHD affects over 2.5 million children and adolescents in the United States (US) (Pontifex, 2013). ADHD is commonly treated in youths and adults via pharmacological interventions that have the following potential negative effects: adverse side-effects, high cost, and long-term pyscho-stimulantRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And Their Families1422 Words    |  6 Pagesand campaigns to assist and promote the prevention of obesity within children and their families. However, looking at statistics, these factors are only making a slight impact on the overall population, this creates an even smaller outcome in the avoidance of childhood obesity in particular. Hit the 100 is a new campaign created to strive to prevent obesity, whilst encouraging healthy living and providing education to children and their families. The health problems arising from obesity are significantlyRead MorePreventing Childhood Obesity1689 Words   |  7 Pages Preventing Childhood obesity in school age Children Lakeisha L. Jones Nursing 531 September 6, 2010 Abstract Childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. The obesity rate among children has doubled over the past few years. The incline inRead MoreA Interview With My Mentor Teacher Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesany Physical Education lessons, as my dream is working as a Physical Education teacher. He mentioned that in the previous years he has run a football clinic with the local preschool ‘Grey Court’ and he asked me to organise and run a football clinic with the local preschool. This project runs closely with the Mooroolbark East Primary school’s goal of linking the school and the community, this has fostered a growing relationship with the preschool and the primary school and of the 49 children thatRead MoreEssay On Obesity Among Children1435 Words   |  6 PagesSummary With increasing developments in technology and activities involving sedentary behaviour, childhood obesity levels are on the rise as physical activity among children decreases. In conjunction to this, unhealthy foods and beverages are much cheaper than healthy alternatives and advertising for them is heavily aimed at children. Therefore, my aim is to reduce the rates of obesity among children in New Zealand. Introduction Obesity among children is a growing problem within New Zealand and it needs

Nonviolent movement Free Essays

There is a wide-spread conception in the theory of nation-building that violence is an ultimate way to express disagreement and overcome injustice as well as fight a dictatorship. But the last century has proven the fallaciousness of this conception. Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Nonviolent movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Nelson Mandela and Dalai Lama and many others have shown that nonviolence can be more powerful force in defeating oppressive rulers and laws. Their lives and actions are examples how oppressors or unjust legislation may be defied by the force of word and soul rather than by the force of weapons. Gene Sharp summarizes the effectiveness of nonviolent actions with such words: â€Å"nonviolent action is possible, and is capable of wielding great power even against ruthless rulers and military regimes, because it attacks the most vulnerable characteristic of all hierarchical institutions and governments: dependence on the governed† (p. 18). Nonviolent action is an application of a very simple truth: people do not always do what they are told to do, and sometimes they do that which has been forbidden. When people refuse their cooperation, withhold their help, and persist in their disobedience and defiance, they do this to deny their opponents the basic human assistance and cooperation which any government or hierarchical system requires. If they do this collectively through their established independent social institutions or newly improvised groupings for a sufficient period of time, the power of that government will weaken and potentially dissolve. The world history has witnessed the cases when nonviolent means have been chosen over violence for religious or ethical reasons. In some cases, even when pragmatic political considerations were dominant in the choice of nonviolent struggle, the movement has taken on certain religious or ethical overtones. This was the case in the campaigns of the Indian National Congress for independence from Britain in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Those struggles, often under Gandhi’s leadership, and also the civil rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s in the Deep South of the United States, under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., are very important. Mohandas Karamchand  Gandhi, better known as Mahatma Gandhi, is the first name that comes to mind when one speaks of nonviolence in the 20th century. His charisma and his action not only had a profound effect on India’s modern history, but also provided firm basis for all future nonviolent struggles in the world. Gandhi’s political philosophy revolved around three key concepts: satyagraha (non-violence), sawaraj (home rule), and sarvodaya (welfare of all). Whereas satyagraha was essentially a tactic of achieving political ends by non-violent means, sawaraj and sarvodaya sought to encourage ideas of individual and collective improvement and regeneration. Such regeneration, Gandhi insisted, was necessary if India was to rediscover her enduring historical and religious self and throw off British rule. (Andrews, 1949) Perhaps Gandhi’s best-known act of civil disobedience, known as the second satyagraha (‘hold fast to the truth’) was Salt March that was taking place in 1930 from  12 March to 6 April. It expressed increasing frustration by Congress at its own impotence and, specifically, the British refusal to grant Dominion status to India. Gandhi chose the hated salt tax as the object of his campaign. At the time, the Indian government maintained a monopoly over the manufacture of salt, an essential basic commodity which was thus heavily taxed. Those using their own salt, e.g. if they were living close to the sea, were subject to heavy punishment. The 61-year-old Mahatma started the 240-mile-long march from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi together with seventy-eight of his followers. He was joined by thousands along the way, in a march that received vast international and national attention. When the protesters marched on to a government salt depot, he was arrested, as were between 60,000 and 90,000 other Indians in subsequent months, as well as the entire Congress leadership. Gandhi was released and called off the campaign in March 1931 following the Gandhi–Irwin Pact, which allowed Gandhi to participate in the second Round Table Conference, and symbolically permitted the production of salt for domestic consumption. From the 1920s to early 1940s, he led a series of passive resistance campaigns in pursuit of Swaraj, which redefined the character of Indian nationalism. He sought tolerance between Hindus and Muslims and the eradication of caste untouchability. In January 1948 he was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic for his pro-Muslim sympathies. Gandhi’s insistence that means were more important than the ends distinguished him from other great political leaders of the twentieth century. Since his death Gandhi has become the source of inspiration for non-violent political movements such as the Civil Rights Movement in the USA. Desmond Tutu in the article A Force More Powerful a Century of Nonviolent Conflict rightfully points out: â€Å"The leaders who opted for nonviolent weapons often learned from resistance movements of the past. Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi was inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1905. The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other African American leaders traveled to India to study Gandhi’s tactics.† (Tutu, 2000) Non-cooperation was a major tactic employed by Gandhi when he felt the state had become immoral or unjust. In the King movement, such action was called boycott, the most effective nonviolent tactic employed in the movement to abolish discrimination in public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama. The justification for such action lies in the fact that rejection is as much of an action as acceptance. Thus, King, like Gandhi, while emphasizing the necessity of courage, utilized the boycott to achieve rejection of unjust laws regulating public transportation and public lunch counters. The net effect of the various expressions of the nonviolent protest, especially the boycott, strike, demonstration and jail, was to draw one’s opponent off balance, hoping thereby to change his mind. (Smith, p.58) Nonviolence, therefore, was not a sign of weakness or of a lack of courage. Quite the contrary, King believed that only the strong and courageous person could be nonviolent. He advised persons not to get involved in the civil rights struggle unless they had the strength and the courage to stand before people full of hate and to break the cycle of violence by refusing to retaliate. King just as Gandhi emphasized the need to prepare for action. The Civil Rights Movement initiated by Martin Luther King, Jr. succeeded in mobilizing massive nonviolent direct action. Innovative tactics included economic boycotts, beginning with the yearlong boycott of a bus company in Montgomery, Alabama, begun in December 1955 and led by Martin Luther King, Jr.; sit-in demonstrations; and mass marches, including a massive mobilization of whites and blacks in the August 1963 March on Washington, which culminated in King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech, and protest marches led by King that met with police violence in Selma, Alabama, in January 1965. The goal of these protests was to overthrow the entire system of racial segregation and to empower African Americans by seizing the franchise. Participants of the Civil Rights Movement were often beaten and brutalized by southern law enforcement officials, and thousands were arrested and jailed for their protest activities. Some leaders and participants were killed. Nevertheless, an endless stream of highly visible confrontations in the streets, which contrasted the brutality and the inhumanity of the white segregationists with the dignity and resolve of black protesters, made the cause of black civil rights the major issue in the United States for over a decade during the 1950s and 1960s. The nation and its leaders were forced to decide publicly whether to grant African Americans their citizenship rights or to side with white segregationists who advocated racial superiority and the undemocratic subjugation of black people. In conclusion it would be relevant to provide a brief revision of the similarity and differences the detection of which was purpose of this analysis. The parallels between Gandhi and Martin Luther King are self-evident. This preliminary look at Gandhi and King’s activity gives us the understanding that nonviolent movement cannot be limited by time frames or specific location. It rather needs a leader with strong character, resilience and ability to persuade people. The two leaders preferred nonviolence at a time when their people were being oppressed. Both struggled against the yoke of white oppression. Like Gandhi, King valued the power of nonviolent political action in keeping with the spirit of Gandhi’s satyagraha. King’s role in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott enabled him to emerge as the creator of a strategy of civil disobedience that earned for the civil-rights movement in the United States unprecedented media coverage, new forms of public recognitio n, and greater access to political power. Though both agreed that nonviolence is successful tactics on condition that every individual is committed to truth and justice, Gandhi tended to lay stress upon the necessity of personal suffering when participating in nonviolent movement, an attitude that to some extent was less aggressive than King’s emphasis on self-sacrifice. Moreover, Gandhi claimed that to achieve the goals through nonviolence one needs patience and non-cooperation and King believed that it is a certain degree of confrontation that is necessary to accomplish change. One more difference between Gandhi and King lies in the paradigm of their activity. While Gandhi was concerned about social injustice suffered by Indian people, King’s concerns bore upon racial discrimination of African Americans in the USA. And probably the most striking difference is the result of their struggle. While Martin Luther King’s ideas after his death were followed through by his followers and found an echo in common American’s heart, Gandhi was criticized that his tactics unnecessarily delayed the departure of the British, precipitated the partition of India, and led to the Hinduization of Congress because of his over-emphasis on religion. Few of Gandhi’s ideas were put into practice by independent India. While both of them deserve respect and admiration, it is possible to recognize that their approaches to the practice of nonviolence later grew strong one as opposition, the other as protest. Gandhi and King help us to believe that peaceful resolution of a conflict will live up to its promise. References: Andrews, C. F. Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas.   London: Allen Unwin, 1949 McCarthy, R. and Sharp, G., eds., Nonviolent Action: A Research Guide. New York, 1997 Sharp, G. The Role of Power in Nonviolent Struggle. Monograph Series, No. 3. The Albert Einstein Institution, 1990 Smith, Kenneth and Zepp, Ira. Search for the Beloved Community: The Thinking of Martin Luther King. Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1974. Tutu, Desmond. â€Å"A Force More Powerful a Century of Nonviolent Conflict†. Social Education. (64):5, 2000 How to cite Nonviolent movement, Essay examples

Pros and Cons of Sex Education Essay Example For Students

Pros and Cons of Sex Education Essay Sex Education in Schools Pros and Cons Pros of sex education In schools: Classes are gender-exclusive. This saves embarrassment among students and teach them only what they need to know based on their gender. Properly taught, sexual education could become a regular and ongoing Human Anatomy and Biology complete with tests and grading that goes toward graduation credits. Students can be taught the correct terms of the reproductive system of sexually transmitted diseases and contraception birth instead of street slang. Myths surrounding sex can be dispelled (for example, can not get pregnant the first time). Studies show that many teenagers become sexually active before the inclusion of educational classes. Principles of Inclusion of classes has been shown to help students stay or to abstain or at least be responsible if they are active. Proper education can have an Impact on the prevention of sexual problems In adulthood. Cons of sex education In schools: Students may still be su bject to embarrassment or excitable by subject matter. This can make for out of control classrooms if students take to laugh or make inappropriate comments. Most education is taught as a brief interlude in physical education or health class. This is not enough time to relate effectively to serious material. Often, sexual education can go against moral or religious beliefs of an individual. Many schools do not teach abstinence-only, but to teach how to have sex safely, while many of the religious and family stress marriage before intercourse. Sex education Is often seen as a recreational course and not a serious Issue (this Is a direct correlation with the fact that there are no grades or scores to be derived from class). Teachers are not always adequately trained to teach sexual education and may violate their own beliefs or morals on the subject rather than continuing with the facts. The attitudes of parents, educators and religious leaders in the community can make the stuff that vary from state to state or even school-to-school.

Novice to Expert Nurse Leader Essay Example

Novice to Expert Nurse Leader Paper NOVICE TO EXPERT NURSE LEADER By Gwen Travis Gonzaga University NURS 553 The path to nursing leadership most often progresses from novice to expert nurse and then onto a novice nurse manager. The novice nurse manager is asked to lead and rarely given the tools or knowledge to be successful in this new role. The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition discussed by Patricia Benner includes the following five levels of competency in the clinical nurse (Benner, 1982): * Level I – NOVICE – beginners with no experience with practice situations and an inability to use discretionary judgment. Level II – ADVANCED BEGINNER – actions/decisions are based on prior experience in actual situations. * Level III – COMPETENT – actions are planned with long-range goals but lack speed or flexibility in decision-making. * Level IV – PROFICIENT – views situations as a whole rather than on an individual aspect and can revise plans in response to changes in a situation. * Level V – EXPERT – no longer relies on rules or guidelines in decision-making but intuitive understanding of the situation. Novice APN Leader As a novice nurse we are taught theoretical knowledge in school and along with the healthcare facilities policies and procedures, rely on these in our decision-making. (Gershenson, Moravick, Sellman Somerville, 2004). As we combine this theoretical foundation along with experience we can progress on through the levels toward expert nursing. The novice nurse manager needs rules to guide his/her actions. As an ASC facility administrator, I supervised a charge nurse who had been promoted to a nurse manager position. The nurse was considered an expert by her peers and surgeons. However, she had no experience/prior training with managing people, knowledge of human resources policies or financial/budget procedures. She struggled with time management, prioritizing duties and staff interpersonal relationships. She often became frustrated and made quick decisions without looking at the long-range goal or outcome of her actions and decisions. She allowed herself to be influenced by a fellow nurse who had been a co-worker when making staffing and/or disciplinary decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Novice to Expert Nurse Leader specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Novice to Expert Nurse Leader specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Novice to Expert Nurse Leader specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As a consequence this undermined her credibility with the surgeons and staff resulting in her leaving the facility for another position. All too often this is where the career path ends for a untrained novice manager as they question whether they have made the right decision or lose the confidence of upper management and their staff. Expert APN leader The expert advanced practice nurse leader would understand the importance of using evidence-based practice (EBP) in policy and decision-making. If the use of the latest, high-quality research is vital to optimal patient outcomes it can also transfer over to the development of staff and nursing leaders. Better trained nurses and leaders are more able to perform their jobs which should lead to the goals of improved patient care and expert staff retention. As research shows, there are several key factors involved in the development of an expert nurse manager which includes: mentorship, communication and positive feedback. (Gershenson, et al, 2004) Mentorship is critical for a novice nurse manager to assist with recognizing the changes of their new role. Constructive feedback provided by a mentor provides the novice with the benefits of years of experience and knowledge and is necessary for a novice nurse manager’s success. Effective mentorship and communication are also crucial as good (expert) leaders continue to develop their own skills and knowledge as â€Å"one can only lead others as far as they have gone themselves. † (Rizzo, 2005) An expert nurse manager/leader will see the organization and staff as a whole when planning, implementing or the revision of policies or practices. The expert advanced practice (AP) nurse leader would not have fallen victim to allowing the manipulation of a single staff member in decision-making the influenced the staff as a whole. We as APN leaders should strive to break the tradition of training future nursing leaders through â€Å"trial and error† and assist our colleagues in building the skills used in EBP within our practice settings. EBP must be a component when developing, implementing and evaluating current practices in future staff and leadership development as employees are an organization’s greatest resource and â€Å"a developing employee is a motivated employee. (Rizzo, 2005) References Benner, P. (1982). From novice to expert. The American Journal of Nursing, 82(3), 402-407. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Gershenson, T. , Moravick, D. , Sellman, E. , Somerville, S. (2004) Career scope: Northeast. Expert to novice: a nurse leader’s evolution. Nursing Management, 35(6), 49-52. Retrieved from EBSCOho st. Rizzo, M. D. , (2005). Tools for Novice Health Care Clinical Administrators. The Health Care Manager, 24(1), 3-11. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Study Abroad Universities in USA - Common Essay Topics

Study Abroad Universities in USA - Common Essay TopicsStudy abroad universities in USA is one of the most popular essay topics for many students across the country. The opportunities for getting an education in the US have never been better. With so many available opportunities, it is important that you make the best of every opportunity that you get to pursue your dream of going to the States.One of the most popular study abroad universities in USA is Georgetown University. As an online college, they have a wide variety of courses that can fit into almost any lifestyle and career. The highly respected academic environment at Georgetown University is what draws so many students to attend their classes. While there are some truly prestigious universities, Georgetown University is widely considered to be one of the top 100 universities in the country, according to U.S News & World Report.Another popular university, which also serves as a university abroad is Loyola University. In f act, Loyola has been recognized as one of the top 10 universities in the nation. The atmosphere is filled with people who are happy to give it all up for their education and they love to show it off through their achievements on campus.Some other prominent universities include the University of Pennsylvania, the University of North Carolina, and many more. There are many other universities that are considered prestigious but are not necessarily known for offering courses to students who are from diverse backgrounds. These other universities are a good alternative to the major universities, and they do offer some great opportunities for students.Many students will use these study abroad universities as a springboard to pursue their goal of studying in the US. For others, they will pursue it to prepare themselves for jobs in the industry they want to enter upon graduation. Even those who would not intend to go to the US will use this opportunity to gain even more skills that they may need when they get to the US.College students have long been concerned about cost and the availability of funds. An opportunity to attend college in another country will allow them to study for a time or to supplement their current education, thus giving them more options to pursue in the future.One of the best parts about study abroad in the USA is that the competition among the universities is very strong. In order to get into these famous schools, you have to excel academically and be able to achieve the necessary GPA requirements to gain admittance.

Applications used Essay Example

Applications used Essay Example Applications used Essay Applications used Essay Napier uses Microsoft Outlook 98 for their e-mail software package. When you try to access your e-mail account you will have to again enter your user name and password for security.4 Just a few of the things this package enables you to do is send and receive e-mails, maintain and coordinate an on-line calendar, save details on contacts and set reminders for important dates; these are all displayed e-mail account5. To send e-mails, left click on new then message and write your message; to read a received e-mail, simply double left click on the message.6 WebCT  WebCT is an example of groupware7, which provides shared working facilities, for example, Discussion groups (Newsgroups)8, feedback, Chat room, on-line timetable9, module guide and even a notice board.  WebCT is useful for your course as it holds lecture notes and allows you to chat to other people on your module and share information and tips. Browsers  A Web browser is a client based program that uses the HTTP to search for specific words and phrases using Web servers all over the Internet to search and find the information the client is wanting.  Two browsers (search engines) that the considerable bulk of Internet users use are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Whilst some online services, for example America Online, initially used their own specific browsers, almost all now use the Netscape or Microsoft browser. Although, Lynx is a text-only browser for UNIX shell and VMS users. Some other browsers that are popular are YAHOO and google10. These are good as they are not just search engines, they have games, gossip, weather reports and so forth; which appeal to the younger teenage population. Search engines like google and Microsoft Internet Explorer are paramount for your University course work, as many topics will be new to you and by using a search engine to look up topics you will save a lot of time and effort. Nimweb  Nimweb is an application which holds student records on-line; it contains programme details, module information, student contact and home addresses, and so forth.11 This is important to your course as your exam results are posted here and also all the information on your graduation is posted here aswell.  Tips  Avoiding the plagiarism trap  There are three main tips that will help you avoid falling into the plagiarism trap:  1. Practice writing your own notes; read the passage that is useful to you, cover it up and think about the points it raised and write them down in note form. Now when you go to write out your essay, use your notes and try to avoid looking back at the passage, you will find that you have grasped the points from the passage and conveyed them in your words. 2. If you want to use a quote or passage that emphasises your point well, highlight it in another colour to differentiate it from your own notes and make sure you note the number of the page you copied it from.  3. When you make notes after looking at a book or web page make sure you record the details of the book or web page and include these by use of footnotes and endnotes. Credability of material on the net  Anybody can publish material on the Internet, so when searching the web there are three main things you should consider:  Is the information or page accurate?  o Is the information or page complete?  o And is the information or page authoritative?  Weigh up the motive the person would have had for putting this information on the Internet. If you have discovered a reference via a search engine, you can get hints about what it might contain through its address (URL). For example, if you were searching for information on JANET and you found a URL that was sited on a personal website about a woman; you would recognise this probably would not be about a Joint Academic Network. Lastly to assist you in establishing some background on you web page, there could be a home button on the web page your search engine found which would give you a more information on which to base your judgement of the web sites authenticity. Chatrooms and Newsgroups  Personal safety in chatrooms and newsgroups is a serious matter. You should never give your personal details out as these chatrooms and newsgroups are not 100% secure as you do not really know who you are talking to. Never arrange to meet people in person that you only know through a chatroom or newsgroup as they could be lying about who they are and you never properly know their intentions. Chatrooms and newsgroups are meant to be beneficial and fun but only when used in the proper manner.

Quantifier - Definition and Examples

Quantifier s In grammar, a quantifier is a type of determiner (such as all, some, or much) that expresses a relative or indefinite indication of quantity. Quantifiers usually appear in front of nouns (as in all children), but they may also function as pronouns (as in All have returned). A complex quantifier is a phrase (such as a lot of) that functions as a quantifier. Examples and Observations I believe that every person is born with talent.  (Maya Angelou)Most of the people who will walk after me will be children, so make the beat keep time with short steps. (Hans Christian Andersen, in the instructions for the music for his funeral)Many books require no thought from those who read them, and for a very simple reason: they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. (Charles Caleb Colton, Lacon, or Many things in Few Words, 1820)All politicians should have three hats: one to throw into the ring, one to talk through, and one to pull rabbits out of if elected. (Carl Sandburg)Ive had a lot of worries in my life, most of which never happened. (attributed to Mark Twain, among others) Meanings of Quantifiers Quantifiers can be classified in terms of their meaning. Some quantifiers have a meaning of inclusiveness. That is, they refer to an entire group. Both refers to two members of a group of two, few to a subgroup of the entire group, and all to the totality of members of a group of unspecified size. Every and each refer to single members of a group. The difference between all, a few, and both on the one hand and each and every, is reflected in subject-verb agreement​Other quantifiers are noninclusive and have a meaning related to size or quantity. These quantifiers can be classified by the relative size they indicate. For example, many and much refer to large quantities, some to a moderate quantity, and little and few to small quantities . . .. (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Partitives and Quantifiers: Agreement There is, in fact, a somewhat fuzzy distinction between partitive structures and inclusives and Quantifiers formed with of. In a clause such as a lot of students have arrived it is the noun students which determines number agreement on the Finite (have - plural). It is not normally possible to say *a lot of students has arrived. Therefore students is the head of the noun group and a lot of is a complex Quantifier. Similarly, it is also normal to say a number of students have arrived not a number of students has arrived, that is, to treat a number of as a complex Quantifier. . . .For beginning learners, it may be best to introduce expressions such as a lot of and a number of as complex Quantifiers but in other cases to err on the prescriptive side and encourage agreement with the noun preceding of. (Graham Lock, Functional English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Count Nouns, Mass Nouns, and Quantifiers Count nouns (e.g. diamond, bottle, book, board, waiter, table, cat, bush, truck, house) and mass nouns (e.g. gold, coffee, paper, wood, meat, air, water, coal, smoke, blood, wine) differ grammatically in the range of articles and quantifiers they occur with. For instance, count nouns occur with the indefinite article a but not with the complex quantifier a lot of: a diamond, *a lot of diamond. Mass nouns do the opposite: a lot of gold, *a gold. (Ronald W. Langacker, Linguistic Manifestations of the Space-Time (Dis)Analogy. Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition, ed. by Luna Filipović and Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt. John Benjamins, 2012) Zero Plurals After numerals or quantifiers, count nouns may have a zero plural (the same form as in the singular): thirty year, many mile.​  (Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996) Also Known As: quantifying determiner