No choice to save land for endangered animals Essay

Nowadays, land supply is one of the critical world problems, which is considered carefully before using that limited land. People transform natural landscapes to human landscapes for farmland, housing, and industry, and it makes many serious problems to wildlife species. Especially to endangered animal, they will lose their shelters and face the end of their kinds. However, there is no choice for tremendous requirements of mankind. There are some main reasons to figure that people need to alter natural landscapes more important than to save for endangered animals. Most importantly, due to the world population keeps increase every year, people need more land to support their lives. In this case, housing issue is a very serious problem of almost every nation. For the large number of population, people cannot live in their limited places, and they need to find proper places to live in. For example, houses in cities are so expensive, that some people cannot afford, so they have the alter native of buying another place. Furthermore, land is needed for cultivation. According to urbanizations, farms which close to towns are lost, so it doesn’t have enough farms to produce food for people. Thus, some parts of forests are cut down for productivities of farmlands. These basic needs are unlikely to shorten but grow endlessly. In another point, human ambitions are not only for their living but also for their developments. In contemporary view, every country has their prospective goals to improve industrial factor that lead to use more land. Since industrial countries are rich and powerful, most developing countries are eagerly follow by trying to absorb as many as possible of investments to gain profit by changing investment climate. For instance, Cambodia tries to attract foreign ventures by providing land and reducing some strict conditions such as allowing foreign shareholders to buy up properties and so on. Last but not least, people need to facilitate their lives with tools and equipments. Similarly, light and heavy industry are grown beneficially in every country, and no one is able to restrict the industrial actions. In short, all these points cannot be omitted according to their functions. Human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are really necessary, and people do not have choice to save land for endangered animals.

Information Technology and Health Care Essay

Overview of current and emerging information technology systems and devices that are commonly used by healthcare organizations The utilization of information technology systems and devices in all areas of the work place is expanding. With the advent of the microcomputer, computer use has spread to all areas of work including healthcare organizations. Computer systems in health care facilities today may encompass a network of microcomputers in the future. A primary use of computers in health care is for the documentation of the patient’s data. Today, computer programs that are designed to create patient records abound. These programs allow input of admission data, recording of nursing progress records, development of nursing care plans (both standardized and individualized), documentation of patient teaching completed, scheduling of patients, recording of dietary intake and documentation of medication orders and administration. Some programs are so complete that they have virtually replaced the standard patient chart. The advent of information technology springs from the idea that information superhighway is made available to all people from all walks of life.   All sorts of information are made accessible at the tip of one’s fingers and can be retrieved in a short period of time through the amazing Internet technology, computerized or electronically processed data system. What used to be data, like records or public documents, gathered for weeks or days can now be obtained in minutes or seconds. What used to be information for selected or privileged few intellectuals are now exposed to the public regardless of state, race, ethnical culture, sex or status, not to mention a few restricted information that are confined to certain age levels, or those that are sensitive to security and privacy (Winkler 1997). Potential risks and constraints associated with each of these technology systems 1. The Assessment Process The Assessment process in a healthcare system is highly confidential. All patients have the right to confidentiality. Patient care information such as diagnosis, prognosis and care plans should be kept secret to those not concerned with the patient’s condition. Only authorized individuals should have access to information about a patient.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medical records must be kept in a secure place where only those authorized to have access can obtain the records. The patient has a right to access his or her own record, and only by obtaining the patient’s permission can records or information be released to others. Agencies are required by state, federal and accrediting rules to have policies by the nurse periodically followed. However, there are potential risks associated with these new technology systems especially in the assessment area. If a smart agent works with a patient in conducting on-line assessment through a wireless phone device, then a potential risk here would be the improper assessment due to a wrong registration of the patient’s voice even if coded repetitively (Dertouzos & Gerschenfeld as qtd in Skiba and Cohen 2003). In the same manner, a constraint here would involve extracting information from the encounter. It is important to remember that the transaction cannot be completed without at least some exchange of intelligence between the patient and another person. These digital systems that collect, analyze and respond to client condition can assess wrongly any information initially given. Even if they are rarely down or suboptimal, still, a patient’s life cannot be entrusted to a technology system no matter how smart it may be. The Assessment process still is an important stage in any healthcare system that needs personal analysis and evaluation. Thus, a foreseeable constraint here is the fact that people may not really use it readily since they would still prefer someone with whom they could talk to in a more relaxed manner.   Leaving the assessment part to any device is not that reliable because it can still malfunction and give a wrong assessment that can send a distressed patient in a more distressed state. The seamless voice recognition may capture the wrong data. Even if the human computer interface uses natural language structure, there is a possibility that the human computer will not know the underlying codification structure (Dertouzos & Gerschenfeld as qtd in Skiba and Cohen 2003). This is the probably constraint that may interfere with the successful implementation of each system. 2. Communications Technology Systems In the area of Communications, being primarily electronic and multidimensional will be a great leap in the future when one can easily communicate with health care professionals using both synchronous and asynchronous communication. (Skiba & Cohen, 2003). According to researches, there are more than 100 nations that are currently engaged in espionage against US companied. Distinctions between global and local are now slowly being eradicated. Company shifts industrial boundaries from the static to the dynamic. The result is global competition of a uniquely unpredictable nature. Enterprises that previously worked hand in hand in different areas may now find themselves at odds with each other, even spying on each other. Since millions of information is readily accessed nowadays, the possibility of disseminating mixed-up, false or misleading information is high. This can be dangerous when used and relied upon for legitimate purposes.   Moreover, some information and data need to be protected and if allowed for public consumption, the parties concerned have to ensure that the information must be updated, reliable and truthful before they are released to the public. The credibility and integrity are at stake at all times if their data are found to be scrupulous, unreliable, and erroneous. Similarly, data bank sources or data controllers must take possible measures to protect the personal data that they are held accountable in viewing such information for unlawful, harmful and questionable purposes (Skiba & Cohen, 2003). 3.   Monitoring process Future gadgets in monitoring for the healthcare system will be state-of –the-art such that smart devices will then be attached to one’s personal Bodynet. This is the term used for the personal network coordinating the devices and both transmit and receive information within the premises of the hospital. It can even be hooked up such that these monitoring devices can reach until the homes of these patients. There will be such a thing as ubiquitous monitoring such that lifestyle factors are monitored too. Even the amount of food in a refrigerator can be monitored making all behaviors and actions available for monitoring purposes. (Skiba & Cohen 2003). Since monitoring can extend beyond hospital walls, the likelihood of information being transferred from one data source to another is highly possible. Smart devices that automatically monitor a patient’s electronic record can provide wrong electronic records. A possible constraint here is the refusal of parties to avail of such devices since it can be restricting. Devices may be available but only the agreeable parties will readily avail of it. Besides, it can be prohibitive in price. The focal point of good risk management is the identification and treatment of these risks, an integral component of any organization’s strategic management. In a healthcare system set-up, the monitoring process can run awry if the devices used in attachments are improperly done. (Stoneburner, G. et al). IT security practitioners assigned to healthcare systems are responsible for proper implementation of security requirements in their IT systems especially in the monitoring process. As changes occur in the existing IT system environment, the IT security practitioners must support or use the risk management process to identify and assess new potential risks and implement new security controls as required to safeguard their IT systems. According to Pamela Matthews, conducting these efficient management researches for the results of patients test will prove to be very helpful in coming up with an effective and technologically advanced solutions that would be the answer to treatment. Conclusion In the final analysis, informatization streamlines troubleshooting of complex systems. Technology today is embedded in and around products in ways that facilitate a steady stream of information about medical transactions and the use to which products and services are put. It is essential that a balance be done on both technology and the health care system where most people prefer a more caring and personalized method. REFERENCES Dertouzos, M. (1998). What will be: How the new world of information will change our lives. New York: HarperEdge. (context link from Skiba & Cohen) Gerschenfeld, N. (2000). When things start to think. New York: Henry Holt & Co. (context link from Skiba & Cohen) Matthews, P. (2000). Leveraging Technology for Success. Journal of Healthcare Information Management Vol. 14 No. 2 . Retrieved Sept. 11, 2006 from http://www.himss.org/asp/ContentRedirector.asp?ContentID=749

Advice I Often Receive From Parents Essays - Chitto Harjo

Advice I Often Receive From Parents A piece of advice that I often receive is "as long as you do your best." This refers to success in everything from school to careers. I believe that this is good advice because it tells me that they trust my judgment and will respect my decisions, even if they are the wrong ones. This helps to take pressure off of me when I am going to school because I don't have to live up to certain standards and try to accomplish goals that are unattainable. Instead, I can just worry about doing the best I can. It is possible that I may have a career that is not the highest paying or the most prestigious. But as long as I am happy, and I do the job to the best of my ability, I will feel like I have accomplished something. This is good because many kids have to live up to expectations that they can't attain, or do something that they don't really enjoy in order to make their parents proud. The problem with saying "as long as you do you best" is that when I know I could have done a better job, I have a sort of guilty feeling. I hate it when I get a mediocre mark or fail in something and my parents say "as long as you tried your hardest." It gets quite annoying when I second guess myself about what I could have done. However, when I know I did the work as well as I could and it isn't a good mark, I don't worry about it as much as some people might. In conclusion, the piece of advice that I receive most often from my parents is basically a good one, and often it keeps me motivated in the things I do. It also shows me that my parents will support most of my decisions and treat me like a responsible person. I believe that somewhere along the line I will probably pass along the advice "as long as you did your best" to my children.

Terrorism and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Terrorism and the Law - Essay Example As amended by IRTPA in December 2004 AEDPA section 2339B(a) defines material support as â€Å"any property, tangible or intangible or service, including money, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communication equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substance, explosives, personnel, transportation, and with the exemption of medicine or religious materials (Samaha 468). The government must be able to prove that the â€Å"donor defendant acted with culpable intent knowledge† so as it is safe to say that such individual has provided material support to a terrorist organization (Samaha 468). 2. Terrorism is defined by at least four different kinds of laws. Name at least three kinds of laws. There are varying definitions of terrorism which makes it controversial and it is defined by different kinds of laws such as the following: International criminal law, National criminal law (e.g. United States La w Code), and general insurance policies. 3. The United Nations, The Arab Convention and European Convention define terrorism differently. Explain each definition. The United Nations The United Nations and the council on the suppression of terrorism seek to define it by adopting general legislative measures against it which results in serious legal consequences. As a result of this, the United Nations is encouraging every state to define terrorism in the context of National Law (Saul 141). The Arab Convention, On the other hand, the Arab Convention is very particular in excluding armed struggle against oppression from the definition of terrorism and its suppression. The threat to the right of securing self-determination and independence which can be counteracted by an armed struggle in whatever means is particularly excluded in the definition of terrorism (Williamson 59). This, therefore, paves the way for the difficulty in coming up with a universal definition of terrorism. European Convention European Convention on the other hand on its suppression of terrorism encourages States to consider terrorism and its acts not as political offenses or as being inspired by political motives (Dumitriu 587). 4. Yunis, Noriega, and Yousef were progressive rulings on extraterritorial jurisdiction. In a few sentences, what does each case stand for? Why are they considered progressive rulings? The US District Court decision of United States vs. Yunis case stands for the acceptance of certain principles of extraterritorial jurisdiction allowing prosecution of terrorists in the United States (Wegner). In other words, the said case has become the model for the prosecution of terrorists in the US courts. The Noriega case depicts how the head of the state can be brought before trials in the US courts. In the midst of this trial, Noriega case can substantially apply three types of immunity: foreign sovereign immunity, head of state immunity, and the act of state immunity. The case of Yousef, on the other hand, depicts the clash between the Iran Penal Code and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. These two have certain principles that at some point would bring substantial consideration to the progress of the case. These three are considered progressive rulings because from time to time, various modifications, amendments or changes have been implemented on various laws in the world.  

IT and Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IT and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The Nielson Norman Group undertakes its programs and processes in line with computerized user interfaces. Such programs enable the company to bear the ability to provide consultation to clients from the firm. The Group’s success is evident since the company has built an overwhelming range of clientele in the global market since its foundation back in 1998. The following discussion seeks to highlight the prospective of intranets with various evaluation approaches to assert the fact that the programs do not necessarily provoke learning and inspirations (Collins, 2010, p, 130). Discussion of the features to build in an organization’s intranet the different intranet services seem to comprise of different features depending on the main purposes of their improvising. Each of the learning intranets was purported by its innovators as a certain approach to solving learning and problems. Distinctively, global enterprises realize that the social media is part of the community and may not fade out despite the pre-existing challenges Green, et al 2011, p, 90). Technical surveys implore organizations to abide in the use of social media holding that it is the most appropriate method from restructuring organization’s performances and building effective teams through the imposition of knowledge of the personnel and management. Experts have the notion that collaborative communication through the internet is certainly a useful course in all enterprises operating on a global platform. The effective nature of intranets is viewed as implicit to the gradual changes that are presumed to exist in organizations. This change is certain since there is enough and unprecedented evidence that functionality will shift gradually from the current prospects for the organizations’ advantages. The fact that intranets exist in different versions, the enterprise community of the society has a significant range to choose the intranet approach in accordance to the performan ce portfolio. Ideally, I-Space intranet provides learners with provident knowledge for use in ensuring organizational development and prowess in performances. Mainly, the I-Space intranet service provides various knowledgeable aspects ranging from the provision of public knowledge to the ideology of enhancing common sense (Collins, 2010, p, 133). A detailed survey undertaken by the Norman Group asserts that the intranet survey phenomenon comprises of the aspects of codification and diffusion of reading materials, a factor that is defined as the public knowledge approach. On the second account, the intranet approach ascertains to its users that they will accrue proprietary knowledge through its intriguing provision of patented entities, official secrets, and other critical information sources. The intranet approach asserts that users seeking proprietary knowledge shall find that its lack of diffusion despite the codification as an ethical barrier to provision of security on the perti nent materials. Lastly, the account provides employees and other concerned stakeholders seeking information with personal knowledge whereby codification and diffusion equally lack thus; guaranteeing users to sort out for any information related to their needs. I-Space accounting approaches assert knowledge on common sense, the type of information that all people have knowledge about their existence. However, the service is extremely diffused and without codifications thus enabling any

Managerial Economic - Assignment # 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Economic - # 2 - Assignment Example The basic cable TV was unbundled into thematic bundles. This might have resulted into cutting cost by the company reducing operational expenses thus decreasing the cost of production while offering less channels to the public decreasing demand (Hubbad & Glen, 2008). As a result of the low subscriber base and low cost of production, the company had no choice but to reduce prices of the cable TV so as to remain in the market and be competitive. Due to high amount of the fixed costs and operations expenses, star hub should adjust their prices upwards so as to compensate for the high amount of the invested capital which may be used for expansionary activities and keeps the organization going (Krugman & Robin, 2006). Marginal cost is the extra amount that the company spends on the acquisition of the extra channels. Thus every channel is acquired at an extra cost to meet the company’s objectives. It is only logical that prices are raised so as to factor in the extra amount spend by the company (Krugman & Robin, 2006). An increase in costs functions results into higher prices reducing demand as shown above, while a decrease in cost of production lowers prices increasing demand. This is due to the inverse relations between cost and

Dissertation conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissertation conclusion - Essay Example It is also expected that more babies will be born at home and this could endanger the health of infants and their mothers. The respondents also perceive that the downgrading and closure proposals will be disruptive to a feeling of community. Residents of Ealing will have to leave their community for the purpose of obtaining medical health care in a number of cases. This renders the community fragmented. The reality is, Ealing Hospital is a part of the Ealing community and will not serve the greater population of Ealing. In the meantime, the campaigns have served to bring the community together, if only for a temporary and limited purpose (See Figures 1 and 2). One respondent, a community member, felt that the proposed downgrading of the A&E ward was a necessity and served the greater good of the local community. In particular, the respondent noted that things could not continue as they were. For example between 50% and 60% of patients reporting for A&E services were not casualties an d therefore overtaxed an already overburdened health care system operating on a limited budget. Downgrading would reduce the budgetary demands and would redirect services elsewhere. If things continued as they were, the trusts in the area would eventually close altogether and everyone would lose access to much-needed health care services. Cuts were therefore not only necessary to avoid closure, but also to ensure that those who need health care services the most would be able to access it. As for the impact of downgrading and in particular the proposed closure of the maternity ward, the respondent did acknowledge that there were protests within the community. However, the respondent felt that whenever there are changes to a system, there will always be disappointment. This disappointment did not equate to evidence of negative outcomes. In fact, the respondent stated that there was no evidence of a negative impact on the local community. This respondent’s impressions were quit e different from the remaining respondents. The remaining respondents were far more pessimistic about the future trajectory of Ealing Hospital and the community impact. For example, a respondent member of the Trans Union participating in the Save Our Hospital campaign predicted that the hospital changes â€Å"will be a disaster†. This prediction was based on the medical needs of residents in Ealing and in particular the large population of disadvantaged residents with medical needs. One respondent who is a medical doctor, felt that the downgrading was due to budgetary constraints, debts, and the move toward privatisation which was a persistent trend in government services. Even so, the doctor did not think that downgrading was the solution to the problem. If anything, services in the Ealing hospital should be expanded. This is particularly so for the elderly, the uneducated, migrants and ethnic minorities service users. These categories of service users typically use public t ransport and in doing so will now have to make the journey farther away to access services

See Assesment Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See Assesment Criteria - Essay Example Life expectancy decreased substantially in this period, in some areas by much as 25 years. Some of the major diseases that changed population dynamics greatly were cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis amongst others. The government of Great Britain struggled to contain these diseases and it was only with better living conditions, increased sanitation, reduced virulence of the disease and vaccinations that finally reduced mortality rates. In modern day infectious diseases, many of the same concepts are applicable in their control and better understanding of these has led to a continuously increasing life expectancy since Victorian times. Cholera was one infectious disease that increased mortality greatly. Cholera epidemics affected Great Britain, primarily London, between 1831 and 1866 (Halliday, 2001). While it was not known at the time, cholera is a water-borne disease that is caused by drinking water contaminated with choleric excreta. The bacterium is temperature dependent and multiplies rapidly in high temperatures (Cholera in England, 1893). However, in the Victorian era, the `miasmatic` theory was formulated to explain incidence of cholera. This theory assumed it was air, not water, which acted as a vector of transmission (Halliday, 2001). This assumption was unsurprising given that air pollution was major problem in London at the time. In fact, during the summer of 1858, the river Thames, filled with sewage, was referred to â€Å"Great Stink†by the Times. It was an anaesthetist, John Snow, who offered up an alternate explanation to the miasmatic theory. Snow observed that there was a high mortality amongst the users of a contaminated water pump during the cholera epidemic and persuaded the parish to remove it. This reduced mortality rates in the area greatly (Halliday, 2001). Furthermore, he observed that people getting their drinking water from a part of the Thames that was not polluted, showed much lower mortality rates. Unfortunately Snow’s ideas

LEED certification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LEED certification - Essay Example Employees of the organization are also encouraged to be practicing green practices. This is in line with the dedicated areas of recycling such as in the storage of bikes in locker rooms for those employees who cycle to work due to the renovation created.In the process of renovating the warehouse, about 20% of the materials that were used in its construction were obtained from regional products while another 20% comprised of recycled materials. Subsequently, other additional sustainable features of the building include brick walls that are highly insulated, plumbing fixtures that are low in their flow, permeable pavers, sustainably resourced wood, furnishings, and low VOC materials. In other aspects, green practices were promoted through the partnerships that the company has had with The Arbor Day Foundation. In this partnership, every purchase of a toy from Radio Flyer would require the planting of a tree. These aspects led to the LEED certification of the company. For instance, in t ransporting its products, the company is sustainably conscious through the partnership it has had with the SmartWay Transport Partnership of the US Environmental Protection Agency; thus, ensuring that the movement of their products is done in a clean and most efficient way (Cottrell 25).The organization now attributes the attainment of sustainable green practices to be affiliated to the hiring of new staff. It is considered as a significant selling point for the company in the hiring and retaining of new talent.

Dog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dog - Essay Example Another fundamental difference that would be exhibited from the perspective of the dog would be the way in which emotions, speech, and communication is understood. Naturally, due to the limited vocabulary that most dogs understand, the level to which they can make sense out of the hundreds, even thousands of sounds that humans make is also limited. Such a drawback actually compounds the level of confusion that they animals face within the current world. However, one cannot simply focus upon the drawbacks that living within a dog’s body would portend; there are also a great many strengths and abilities that one would gain by having all of the abilities that canines have. For instance, the first of these would be the speed and agility which many breads exhibit as a function of the way they run, jump, and play. Naturally, having four legs would greatly improve the speed, agility, and stability that one would experience as a simple human. Similarly, when one considers the extraordinarily strong sense of hearing and smell that dogs exhibit, one can only begin to imagine the level of advantage that this would give with reference to being able to experience what a highly attuned and accentuated senses would feel like. Sadly, all of the senses that one would experience within the body of a dog would not be accentuated as the fact of the matter is that many scientists have proven that the visual capabilities of dogs are severely limited as compared to that which humans can ultimately boast. Of course thus far this analysis has simply focused upon the key areas of difference and divergence that humans and dogs would have. However, the more important factor is if one were trapped in the body of a dog they would necessarily be highly interested in the way in which humans viewed them as living and worthy of life. Whereas

How Shakespeare Presents Helena Essay Example for Free

How Shakespeare Presents Helena Essay Helena is clearly longing for something to make her like Hermia in hope that Demetrius would see some of Hermia in her. She is also jealous of Hermia’s beauty. It also shows us that she is insecure about her own appearance. The audience would’ve felt sorry towards her at this point as she is clearly devastated about Demetrius. A bit more into the play Helena expresses her confusion and betrayal towards Demetrius. â€Å"For ere Demetrius looked on Hermia’s eyne, / He hail’d down oaths that he was only mine. / And when this hail some heat from Hermia felt,/ So he dissolv’d, and showers of oaths did melt. In this metaphor Helena is saying that Demetrius had made so many promises to her like balls of ice (hail stones) but when Hermia came along he made broke them causing Demetrius’s promises to have melted. We feel sympathetic towards Hermia as Demetrius led Helena on, making all of these promises when only later he would break all of them. Desperation is shown when Helena tells Demetrius about Hermia and Lysander’s plan to run away, betraying Hermia in the process. She is so desperate that she betrayed her best friend, Hermia. It was a bit hypocritical of her to betray Hermia and endangering their friendship like that when later on she accuses Hermia of throwing away their friendship when actually Hermia was stating the truth. â€Å"But herein mean I enrich my pain, / To have his slight thither, and back again. † In this quote it shows that Helena has come to the conclusion that Demetrius would never love her. So she would betray her best friend to just be pleased with by Demetrius but this doesn’t seem the case when you read later on in the play that Demetrius gets even more irritated with Helena. Helena is basically saying that even though it would pain her to see Demetrius chasing after Hermia she would still do it. At this moment the audience would’ve felt annoyed and sympathetic. The audience annoyed at Helena because she had ruined her best friend’s plan just to help her in her love life. This would be considered as selfish. However we would be sympathetic towards her as she has completely given up on being loved by Demetrius. However when her wishes are finally granted she doesn’t believe it creating a huge argument: â€Å"Wherefore was I to this keen mockery born? When at your hands did I deserve this scorn? † At this point Helena lets out all the insecurities, anger and sadness she’s ever been feeling. Her life for the last couple of months has been an emotional rollercoaster. â€Å"Is’t not enough, is’t enough, young man, / That I did never, no, nor never can/ Deserve a sweet look from Demetrius’ eye/ But you mu st flout my insufficiency? † The repetition that she uses suggests that she is so angry at Demetrius that she repeats her words; she’s so angry that she cannot think straight. The whole reason she’s angry is that she thinks that they are mocking her as Helena cannot believe anyone could possibly love her as she is so used to being rejected. If Demetrius couldn’t love her, who would? Her low self esteem also appears into her passage and her words. Helena feels confused at how anyone could ever like her and most of all outraged that her friends would mock and make fun of her. The audience feel humoured at this situation as Helena is claiming that Lysander and Demetrius don’t love her when actually they are in love with her to the point of madness. We also feel sorry towards her as she sees herself as a reject. At the end, when the confusion is solved and Helena finally has Demetrius she says some final words. â€Å"So methinks; / And I have found Demetrius, like a jewel, / Mine own, and not mine own. † In this metaphor she compares Demetrius to a jewel like she had been digging for a diamond and had finally found it. It shows how much Helena values Demetrius. At this point she finally realises that Demetrius actually does love her. At this point the udience would be feeling happy for Helena as she’s finally cheerful. However they might think that Demetrius doesn’t actually deserve Helena. In conclusion, Helena is showed as a heartbroken and desperate girl at the beginning then at the end she seems happy. The audience experience a range of emotions towards her, including sympathy, irritation and happiness. At the end of the play, we are likely to feel happy and satisfied because she finally has what she wan ts. Also throughout the whole play she is always depressed, sad or scolding herself.

Victorian Britain Essay Example for Free

Victorian Britain Essay In Victorian times people were more susceptible to being lied to and were a lot more gullible, which is probably why they could believe a lot of the writing more. This is because the Victorians suspension of disbelief was far greater than any of ours today. The Sherlock Holmes mysteries were perfect for their time, but the Holmes character was also reflective of perfection, whereas in todays society we generally prefer our characters to have more flaws, to make them seem more human, although Sherlock Holmes classically still appeals to many. The Cardboard Box describes Sherlock Holmes not only as a very good detective but also as an ear expert, which today we would not believe as very few people could be this clever or perfect, but then the Victorians liked it to be like that and they would believe it, each ear is as a rule quite distinctive, and differs from all other ones. In last years anthropological journal you will find two short monographs from my pen upon the subject. I had therefore examined the ears in the box with the eyes of an expert, and had carefully noted their anatomical peculiarities. Imagine my surprise then, when, on looking at Miss Cushion, I perceived that her ear corresponded exactly with the female ear which I had just inspected. This illustrates Sherlock Holmes talking about his knowledge of ears, such intelligence of which is highly unlikely if he is also admitted as being a very good detective. In The Man with the Twisted Lip, Holmes has somehow managed to figure out that the dirty beggar, Boone, was in fact the well respected, upper class Neville St Clair Holmes stooped the water jug, moistened his sponge, and then rubbed it twice vigorously across and down the prisoners face. Let me introduce you he shouted, to Mr Neville St Clair, of Lee, in the county of Kent. Somehow even though it has deluded every other detective and policemen working on this crime, Holmes had managed to figure it out when no one else could. This again is highly unbelievable that he could have figured it out as he had an insufficient amount of clues. But what is even more unbelievable is from The Speckled Band, where all the clues Holmes had was a dog lead, a bowl of milk and a whistling sound. Somehow he managed to figure out that from this a snake was ordered by the whistling sounds and fed on the milk, and was controlled using the dog lead, and that the snake went up through a fake vent into the next the bedroom and climbed down a fake bell pull to bite the victim and then ordered back by the whistle and tempted back into a safe by the saucer of milk. It is unlikely that anyone, even Sherlock Holmes, should have been able to figure that out with the clues he had. Finally he took the bell rope in his hand and gave it a brisk tug. Why its a dummy, said he. Wont it ring? No its not even attached to a wire. This is very interesting you can see now that it is fastened to a hook just above where the ventilator is. No one else had realised that the bell rope did not work, no one had even realised it wasnt hooked up to a wire but one quick look around the room by Holmes and was enough to see that it was not and he also noticed that there was a fake ventilator when he didnt even know where it led to. All these things show us that many people of Victorian Britain were a lot more susceptible to unbelievable things whereas today we tend to prefer things to be more realistic and more huma. We prefer a character to be flawed, whereas Victorians preferred their characters to be perfect, e. g. Sherlock Holmes. So, in conclusion the Sherlock Holmes stories can tell us a lot about Victorian Britain. We can identify that it was a place where class was everything, and that you should stay in the class you were born into. The upper class citizens were the people that mainly read these books and they appeared to like the seedier side of things, as they thought it was a true aspect of what really happened, which they preferred not to accept, but if it was in a book it was acceptable. The British people thought that they were better than every other ethnic group and saw it as being okay to discriminate against them and be racist whereas today we would not accept it and it is a crime. There was a lot more common crime in those times as well, which came up a lot in the stories as each was based around a crime, with even the higher class people committing crimes like going to opium dens among other things. Poverty as well was a lot more rampant in the Victorian times as no one seemed to be bothered about the poor, as it was part of their everyday life to be or to see a lot of poverty in the streets. The stories also told us about the Victorians love of all things gothic, the architecture, dark clothes and writing; gothic writing contained a lot of murder, ghosts, evilness and darkness. They were also depicted as being a lot more gullible than we are today and would believe almost anything that they were told in stories and were not bothered if it did not seem real. We can see this from Holmes perfect character and how he did not even have one flaw. To summarise, Sir Arthur Conan Doyles stories combine many elements which give us a very good representation of Victorian life.

Singapore Airlines

Singapore Airlines Executive Summary: Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines was established as a separate entity in 1972, when it split up with the Malaysia-Singapore Airlines. However, if the actual history of the formation of the company is considered, then, Singapore Airlines was founded in 1947, when it was inherent to the Malayan Airlines. In those days, just three flights per week, to Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh and Penang, were all that the people in Singapore were privileged to. But, there were very fast developments in the situation in a span of two decades. During this period, Singapores Kallang Airport gained an international exposure and started making huge additions to its fleet. Soon after the birth of the Federation of Malaysia on February, 1963, the Malayan Airlines came to be known as the Malaysian Airlines, and in 1966, it was renamed the Malaysian-Singapore Airlines. But, in 1972, fifteen years from the day it was founded, Singapore Airlines split up with Malaysian Airlines and acquired a separate identity. This split however, helped the airlines to take its decisions itself and the company was able to implement many innovative schemes which helped it not only to gain a greater popularity, but also to expand its business by a far greater extent than its Malaysian counterpart. The airlines that started off with just a single plane that took off just thrice in a week some six decades ago, has today managed to develop quite a large and advanced fleet today, that covers 93 destinations in 38 countries. However, the success of any organisation depends upon a number of factors. Inspite of thorough and regular research programs, many organisations havent been able to succeed in their fields. There still remain some intrinsic problems that many fail to notice initially but which become prominent as time passes by. This paper is a case study to identify any such problems that might hinder the successful working of an organisation and what the possible ways to avoid them could be (The Creation of Singapore Airlines, 2009) Chapter 1: Organisational Structure and its Basic Elements A. Organisational Structure Organisational Structure is an ordering among a group of people who coordinate among themselves for achieving a predetermined target. A good organisational structure plays a major role in the maintenance of discipline in a company and hence, is very important for a smooth run, because a proper and clear hierarchy not only distinguishes among the different duties that different people should perform but also makes the best use of a persons potentials. An organisation could be structured in either a hierarchical (top-down) or a functional manner (managed by different heads in different departments), according to the size and the diversity into which a company indulges itself (Organizational Structure, n.d.). The Singapore Airlines is one of the biggest in terms of turnover as well as coverage in the airlines industry. But, the secret behind it is a good organisation. It follows a hierarchical organisational structure being a subsidiary of the Singapore Government and a number of vice-presidents underneath responsible for a variety of operations. The Singapore Airlines had long been exemplified as one with a very flexible organisational structure that had forever helped it to emerge out of contingencies. But, the more important part for the success behind an organisation is the relation that exists between its various elements. B. Elements of Organisational Structure (i) Complexity of the Organisation The Singapore Airlines today has a strength of about 2000 pilots, 7000 operating cabin crew and 170 ground staff. In addition, to the core work of commuting people, it also is involved in a variety of activities aimed towards social welfare and environmental protection, for which the company employs a large number of executives The company also indulges in researches aimed at improvement of its services and enhancing its circle of operations. The company had historically been a pioneer in the adoption of new technologies in the aviation industry in fields of both flight and in-flight facilities. It became more evident when the company became the first to own and operate the largest aircraft in the world, A380, in 2007 between Singapore and Sydney (Dooley, K. 2002, pp1) (ii) Centralisation of Structure For Singapore Airlines, although the ultimate power rests in the hands of the Government of Singapore via the Ministry of Finance, the government had always been very strict about its non-involvement in the management of the company and thus has recruited a number of efficient vice-presidents who are assigned to the proper running of the organisation. Thus, theoretically although it could be said that the firm has a centralised structure, yet practically this can not be supported on a firm ground. (iii) Formalisation of Structure Formalisation implies the degree by which an organisation formalises its process of setting rules, regulations and restrictions on its members. The Singapore Airlines had never been an autocrat in the field but had rather focused on keeping the regulations low so that its employees are comfortable in the environment they work and feel free to propose any probable changes that might be in favour of the organisation. Keeping the rules and regulations minimal have added to the productivity of its employees and has helped it to grow so fast. Chapter 2 Dimensions of Organisational Structure: Mintzbergs Theorem Henry Mintzberg identified six different types of organisational structures suitable for different types of organisations passing through different phases, namely Simple Structure, Machine Bureaucracy, Professional Bureaucracy, Division Organisation, Innovative Organisation and Idealistic Organisation. At the beginning, the organisation adopts a simple structure that is not being able to afford a highly organised hierarchy in the initial stage. As the firm starts growing, it adopts a more organised structure according to the type of business. Machine Bureaucracy would be ideal for those firms that are more dependent on researches and innovations, while Professional Bureaucracy implies the presence of a large number of specialists in the organisation. Division Organisation is suitable for those that involve themselves in a number of products, for which the coordination between the various links in the middle management becomes important. Innovative Organisational Structure is that in which formal training is imparted to the employees for the efficient running of the system. Lastly, the Idealistic Organisational Structure is that in which the company fixes a set of policies that becomes the company motto and everyone is bound to adhere to it. The last five organisational configuratio ns being discussed represent a proper hierarchical or functional structure and develop only after the company attains a certain level of growth (Organisational Configurations, 2009). Singapore Airlines is a mature airlines firm that follows a hierarchical organisational structure. However, the company cannot be said to be following a single configuration, but rather it is inclined to both Machine Bureaucracy and Professional Bureaucracy. None of the other structures are found to exist within the organisation neither does it indulge itself in a large variety of products so as to follow a Division Organisation, nor does it impart any formal training to its employees who are already trained at the time of recruitment (the case of Innovative Organisation) and nor is there any such strict company motto that is intrinsic for an Idealistic Structure. Rather, the companys nature to employ already specialized people in its organisation, as is the case for all aviation firms, and its involvement in a large number of research projects meant to promote both its internal and external affairs proves that the firm follows a Machine Bureaucracy as well as a Professional Bureauc racy type of organisational structure. Chapter 3 Determinants of Organisational Structure: Organisational Goals Organisational goals are those that help a company to smoothly run its operations by avoiding any chaotic environment and giving a direction and motivation to the company. Setting organisational goals help a company to know the exact targets that it needs to achieve and plan a strategy that would be most appropriate to acquire them. In other words, planning of organisational goals help a firm to act in a more effective and efficient manner. The goals that a company sets mainly are based upon two key facts ends focus and means focus. The natures of these goals however keep on changing depending on that of the team (Setting Organisational Goals, n.d.). The chief organisational goals of the Singapore Airlines had been the achievement of a stable and a pioneer position in its respective field of operation. The company had indeed been the first in launching a number of new programs, new techniques and devices. The most notable is the fact that the airlines became the first on October 25, 2007, to own and operate the worlds largest commercial aircraft the A380 between Sydney, Singapore, London, Tokyo, Paris and Hong Kong. The airlines company also researches upon the changing tastes of its consumers and keeps on changing its customer services accordingly. It has enhanced the entertainment services, food services and other in-flight services according to the changing tastes of its customers and this is the reason why a large number of people had been loyal to the company for many years. Moreover, it had been making additions to its fleet on a regular basis so as to ensure maximum coverage in its operations, both for the convenience of the people as well as helping itself to earn greater profit margins. Chapter 4 Organisational Effectiveness There are four approaches that judge the organisational effectiveness, namely goal attainment approach, systems approach, strategic constituents approach, balanced scorecard approach. The goal attainment approach identifies the goals of the organisation and paves a path to achieve them. It should be the ideal approach when goals are clearly measurable with respect to time and the organisations capability. The greatest advantage of this criteria is that it can be very straight-forward, provided the goals are properly specified. The Systems Approach is that which utilises the scarce resources derived from the surrounding environment, effectively, for the accomplishment of organisational goals. This approach should be ideally used when there is a clear link between the inputs used and the output produced by the company. The main advantage of this approach is that, before deciding upon the company goals, it assesses the impact that the completion of the targets set by the firm would create on the society and the environment. The Strategic Constituencies approach is that which stresses upon the successful completion of the demands of one or more constituencies internal to or an external of the organisation. This approach is adopted by an organisation in case the constituencies have a very strong influence in the firms operations. The benefit of this approach is that the firm evaluates its budget and compares it with a number of competing ones before it pins up on one or more organisational goals. A balanced scorecard approach to assess organisational effectiveness should be adapted to judge whether the small-scale operations in a firm are aligning with its larger-scale activities. This approach is the ideal one to evaluate a firms long-term interests. Thus this approach helps in aligning the firms direction of operations accordingly after citing the goals in a proper manner. Since it is an approach emphasising on the long run, so, it must be very patient in its activities. It is a widely known fact that any organisation that wants to sustain in the industry and create a stable and strong ground for itself, must focus on the long-term interests. Singapore Airlines is one such firm that had always aimed towards long-run gains and that is the reason why it is at present in the most stable position compared to all other aviation firms in Asia. Again this particular firm had always aimed at becoming a pioneer in its field of operations and had in most cases been able to achieve its aim. This needs a true understanding of the firms capabilities and the constraints that might hinder its operations, before it sets a goal for itself. Thus, it could not be said that the firm had been a loyal follower of a particular approach to measure its organisational effectiveness. Rather, the approach it had been following could be separately identified as having the characteristics of both the goal attainment approach and the balanced scorecard approach. Chapter 5 Structural Problems Whatever be the organisational structure adopted by a company, in most cases, it cannot be problem-free. Especially in a hierarchical structure, the main problem is that of communication. The decisions that the bureaucrats at the top of the organisation make take a longer span of time to trickle-down to its grass root workers. Moreover, because of this lack of communication, the ambience in the organisation could be very chaotic thus disturbing the smooth functioning of a firm. However, any such problem is not expected to arise in case of Singapore Airlines since the topmost position is held by the Government of Singapore that has strictly kept itself aloof from all operational activities of the firm. Instead, it has divided the different departments and employed a number of vice-presidents as the heads of those sections. This eases out the process by a large extent. Another probable problem that might arise in a particular organisational configuration is that of very restrictive rules and regulations that often confine the activities of its employees under the impression of being very disciplined. The employees in such firms neither get enough enthusiasm to work and nor to innovate. But, Singapore Airlines had been very vigilant of this fact and had always allowed its employees to have their own space which had helped the company not merely to grow but also to become one of the fastest growing and innovative in the industry. Conclusion At a time when the Asian aviation industry on the whole is at the verge of a collapse, the Singapore Airlines appears to be its only ray of hope. The company had always made provisions for a flexible organisational structure by adjusting its management force according to the economic situations. Since it belongs to a small country, the airlines had always made the best possible use of the globalisation factor and thus had responded to regional crises on a comparatively low scale. For example the present downfall that has almost gulped the Asian aviation industry, is mainly caused by an initial surge in the flow of wealth in the pockets of the Asian middle-class and then a sudden decline in the foreign exchange rate in terms of dollars when most of the debts were denominated in terms of dollars. Moreover, the immense rise in fuel costs is also one of the reasons. However, Singapore Airlines had strategically handled its business in a way that nothing other than a global meltdown could affect it. It had already spread its wings to a large number of countries and already had acquired a huge number of loyal customers through some unique customer services that it provides (Asia Pacific Management News, June 24, 1998, para 2 9-11). References Asia Pacific Management News, June 24, 1998, Asian airline industry teeters on collapse [Online]. Available at http://www.apmforum.com/news/apmn185.htm [Accessed on August 23, 2009] Center for Awareness, Service and Action, n.d. Setting Organisational Goals [pdf]. Available at http://www.sandiego.edu/csl/casa/pdf_folder/skill_building/org_development/setting.pdf [Accessed on August 24, 2009]. Dooley, K. 2002. Organizational Complexity [pdf]. Available at http://www.public.asu.edu/~kdooley/papers/iebm.PDF [Accessed on August 23, 2009] McShane Steven L., Glinow Mary Ann Von, 2008, Organisational Structure [PPT]. Available at http://www.tarleton.edu/~fry/350ppts/Chapter%2015.ppt [Accessed on August 23, 2009]. Organizational Structure, n.d, Organizational Structure [Online]. Available at http://www.organizationalstructure.net/ [Accessed on August 23, 2009] Singapore Airlines, 2009, The Creation of Singapore Airlines [Online]. Available at http://www.singaporeair.com/saa/en_UK/content/company_info/siastory/history.jsp [Accessed on August 24, 2009] The Executive Fast Track, 2009, Organisational Configurations [Online] Available at http://www.12manage.com/methods_mintzberg_configurations.html [Accessed on August 23, 2009]. Bibliographies Robbins, S.P. and Barnwell, N. (2002) Organisation Theory. Prentice Hall: Sydney.

coffee, tea, or opium :: essays research papers

â€Å"Coffee, Tea, or Opium?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Coffee, Tea, or Opium,† the authors main point is that even at this point in history some rulers felt that drug importation throughout other countries was immoral for their economic and social status. China’s commissioner for foreign trade, Lin Zexu wanted to stop the illegal importation of opium into his country. Lin saw that the opium trade was damaging the publics health and was bleeding China of its wealth. The emperor of Manchu had given Lin extensive power and ordered him to control the demand of China’s people for opium and force the barbarian merchants to cut off the supply.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout this article Wilson shows that as the years past the opium use in China grew substantially: â€Å"During the trading season of 1816-17, about forty-six hundred 150-pound chests of opium entered China. This number rose to 22, 000 by 1831-32 and 35,000 by 1837-38.. That was more than 5.25 million pounds of opium, the carefully collected and dried sap extruded from 4.8 trillion opium poppies† (Wilson pg 38). Not only was the did it spread rapidly into China, but other countries found that highly addictive substances made great profits in exportation. The traders were not the only men making a quick dollar, but the middlemen, and the farmers as well. The people that fell short we the addicts themselves and the importing countries, due to the fact that the opium ran up uncontrollable trade deficits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  England and other countries profited by exporting opium into China because these countries were receiving goods like tea and silk while China was getting opium. This meant that the other countries were getting items they could sell and receive items that were reusable or they could use for resell in their country for higher prices than what they had spent in China. Not only that but they could sell small amounts of opium for a large sum of money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lin wrote a letter to Queen Victoria to explain his troubles about the effects opium was having on his country, but to no avail. All he wanted was someone who understood his desire to stop the selling of opium in China. Hoping that the Queen would respond and agree with him never happened. Unfortunately the British were determined to keep the sales going even if it meant by force. They wanted to keep the profits in by taking some of China’s main ports.

Essay --

There were many reasons behind the fall of the Roman Empire, however, the economic reasons were the main source of its collapse. The fourth century was the period of time where the economy started to experience problems. During this time period, there were many inequalities between the rich and the poor, decreasing population, the German Barbarians holding Rome for ransom, cutting off their trade networks, inflation, and finally the de-specialization of the economy. Each of these causes were very significant in leading up to the fall of the Roman Empire. Throughout history, in many civilizations, there has always been a gap between the rich and the poor, and the gap between these groups in the Roman Empire was no exception either. The difference between the rich and the poor significantly impacted the status of the economy. For example, in the Roman Empire, the rich could get away with almost everything. They could do it by two methods, they could pay their taxes in small portions so they wouldn’t have to pay them all at once, or they could also simply avoid them by bribing the government, as opposed to the poor which had to pay them all at once. (Hayward, 1958, p. 105) If they did not follow this procedure, they would be punished one way or another. Since the rich were of high status, they could be heard by the government easily, with no possible penalties while the poor were given consequences if they did the same. The gap between the rich also grew wider and wider due to wealthy landowners driving tenant farmers out of their lands and treating those lands as their own. The rich were very important in the status of the economy as well. They could impair the authority of the central government. (Haywood, 1958, p. 104-105... ...etc. Trade was dependent on the status of the government in the Roman Empire. Since the Roman government was really powerful, it restricted some aspects of trade. Along with this, maritime trade was decreasing drastically. There were attacks on ships on the Mediterranean sea, which decreased trade between Rome and other countries. Transport affected the geographic division of labor in the Roman Empire. (Paolilli, 2008, p. 282) The Roman Empire used to be a prosperous place to live in until it started to experience many problems which led its decline. The status of the economy was affected by many reasons including economic inequality between the wealthy and the lower class, inflation, the ransom of Rome with the Germanic Barbarians and finally, the de-specialization of the economy. Rome’s foolish actions along with some outside influence led Rome to its demise.

Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens :: essays research papers fc

Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens (1812-1870)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1835-1910) Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens lived in different parts of the world, England and America. Charles Dickens was twenty-three years old when Samuel Clemens was born. Charles Dickens was a boy who loved learning, while Samuel Clemens could hardly wait for school to end. Despite the fact that both authors reference Christianity and its customs, historians believe that Charles Dickens was a Christian whereas Samuel Clemens was not. The similarities between Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens are numerous. Both authors are world famous legends who wrote many novels, created many characters, had an autobiographical character, and based characters on people in their lives. Samuel Clemens used the pen name Mark Twain and Charles Dickens, for a brief time, used the pen name Boz. Both authors worked as journalists and wrote until the day they died. Their life experiences were reflected in their writings and the period in which they wrote was merely an account of what was really happening in history. England in the early years of the seventeenth century enjoyed the regency of the Prince of Wales, went to war with the United States and watched Napoleon’s final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. During this time, one of the world’s greatest morally and socially responsible novelists, Charles Dickens was born in Portsea, England in 1812. Charles was the second child and the oldest son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. Charles’ early years were happy especially during the ages of 5-9. He loved school, was imaginative and had a hunger for reading. Charles Dickens: A Literary Life page 47 describes the collection of books in the attic that Charles would read as if it were a matter of life or death. Don Quixote, Robinson Crusoe, Arabian Nights and The Tales of the Genii, was reading material not suitable for a child, yet all of these stories influenced the novels Dickens would eventually write. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. Charles had a carefree life. He and his friends wore white beaver hats and called themselves Giles’ Cats. His parents had many parties and invited many friends, but the problem was that they spent more money than they had. By the time Charles was ten his family had lived in six different houses and each one was poorer and poorer than the one before. There were eight children and the family fell deeper and deeper into debt.

The Future Economy

Imagine yourself living the dream of being an entrepreneur. You are a business man of the 21st century; you have a popular product that many firms want to purchase. You feel financially secure with your future because of the amount of buyers for your product. Then 5 years go bye, and the once abundant number of firms has dwindled down to a couple of major corporations. You try to think to yourself how did this happen? You then realize that all the little companies that fought for your business, and helped you get the highest capital are gone. They were acquired by or merged with larger firms. You know that when this happens the market gets smaller and there are less people to buy your product. With fewer options of companies to sell your product to, comes a smaller amount of profit for you. Two more years go bye and the market gets more concentrated, the remaining giants can now offer you any price they want. If you choose not to accept it, you don†t sell your product. Your dreams of being your own boss and selling a quality product for a fair price are fading away. Some people may think that this story couldn†t happen, but mergers and acquisitions take place everyday in the corporate world. This story that I just told you about is real. Instead of being about business men of the 21st century my article was about the beef cattle farmers of southwestern Wisconsin. The article talks about Virginia-based Smithfield foods, acquired American Foods Group and Packerland Holdings Co. Smithfield is the nation†s largest pork processor; they have a 20% market share. Besides the two recent acquisitions Smithfield also has ownership of Cudahy-based Patrick Cudahy Inc. As a result of this Smithfield will now be the nation†s forth-largest beef processor, with a 9% market share. Smithfield†s merger is part of an overall consolidation among the nation†s larger food processors, which includes the companies of the nation†s beef industry. Wisconsin is known to many people as the dairy state because of our cheese and milk production. While this is true, when the dairy cows get older and there milk production drops they get sold to beef processors. Due to this, Wisconsin†s number of beef cattle has been increasing. Wisconsin had 1.29 million dairy cows as of July 1, according to the Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Service. The state had 260,000 beef cattle, a 2% increase from July 2000. If I had the other three firms information on the market value they have. I could figure out if the market is highly concentrated or somewhat competitive using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index which you showed us in class. Wisconsin beef producers are definitely concerned about the latest news of Smithfield†s plans involving Packerland and American Foods. Tom Thieding, a spokesman for the Wisconsin Farm Bureau Federation said, â€Å"Any time in a consolidation, you just lose the marketing and price opportunity.† State Agriculture Secretary Jim Harsdorf also expressed his concern about the consolidation saying â€Å"we need to make sure there†s still opportunity and competition out there, or the producers are the ones who are going to see their margins cut.† The nation†s livestock sector is already highly concentrated, a point that is made repeatedly by farm organizations and others. Serious questions have been raised about vertical and horizontal integration and market power that puts small livestock producers at a disadvantage and puts consumers at risk. The farmers know that the Smithfield acquisitions further concentrate U.S. meatpacking and eliminate an important competitor in the purchase of livestock, very likely resulting in lower prices for producers. Smithfield believes that it must consolidate in order to keep up with other companies and to provide for their customers. But to make a profit the beef and pork processors will be under pressure to pay fair prices to farmers. But the farmers have a very important role in this equation, they supply the product. If the farmers don†t have an economic incentive to produce, the processors will not be able to deliver to their customers. Smithfield†s plan to buy American Foods could be reviewed by the U.S. Department of Justice to address the possibility of an antitrust. As we learned in class the antitrust policy tries to promote competition and discourage collusion. But Smithfield believes that American Foods is small enough that the deal won†t need regulatory review. The deal with Packerland foods was reviewed and approved by the federal government. Smithfield believes that they are a growing company; they will not approach the size of industry leaders IBP, ConAgra and Excel. To beef producers the debate is not theoretical. Mike Riechers, a cattle farmer in southwestern Wisconsin said he believes the competition among cattle buyers dropped in 1998 after Packerland took over the operations Murco Foods. With Smithfield buying Packerland and American Foods farmers are concerned that competition could drop even further. In conclusion, consolidation is taking many other forms: â€Å"mergers,† â€Å"partnerships,† â€Å"integration,† and similar terms are being used to describe a variety of business arrangements that result in the same final product: fewer people making decisions in agriculture. In many ways, agriculture is just catching up with the rest of the business world, which has been consolidating at a record pace for the past several years. Meanwhile the farmer will become a grower, providing the labor and often some of the capital, but never owning the product as it moves through the food system and never making the major management decisions. Most consumers already put no thought into the financial cost of growing the hay that fed the cow that ends up on your plate.

Jill Lepore, new york burning

New York Burning, by Jill Lepore, is an interesting yet flawed study of a 1741 conspiracy among New York’s slaves, which authorities discovered in the wake of ten fires started by African Americans.   While the work claims to examine the slave revolts and ensuing trials (in which over a hundred blacks were executed by hanging or burning) as evidence of how political opposition formed and functioned, it succeeds much better as a study of race relations and the culture of paranoia. Lepore’s thesis is that the 1741 conspiracy, while based more on hearsay and forced confessions than on actual evidence, occurred within a climate of political and intellectual ferment that made political pluralism (and, ultimately, the American political system) possible.   Indeed, the New York she describes was already politically divided in the wake of the landmark Zenger trial of 1735, in which printer John Peter Zenger was charged with printing libelous attacks against the arbitrary, heavy-handed colonial governor. His acquittal laid the foundations for free speech but also caused a political schism, as two rival political factions formed – the Court party, which supported the royal governors, and the Country Party, an opposition group which demanded greater liberties.   (However, she makes clear that liberty was reserved strictly for whites and pertained more to the press and taxation than to individuals, certainly those of color.)   Mutual mistrust between the two parties lingered for years. The 1741 conspiracy took place, says Lepore, within a rather tense and paranoid context.   It began in March with a fire at the city’s only military outpost, Fort George.   Subsequent blazes over the next few weeks broke out at houses and businesses belonging to Court party members, and these were quickly followed by a series of arrests and trials that lasted into the summer. Twenty whites and 152 blacks (slave and free) were arrested and over a hundred people executed, including many Country Party members’ slaves and servants.   Lepore claims that the end result of these events was greater acceptance of political opposition, but her work does less to connect the slave plot to politics than it does to describe a place beset by racism and paranoia. In tracing the plot’s evolution, Lepore offers the reader a detailed description of New York in 1741.   A former Dutch colony with a multilingual population and sizeable slave population, New York had considerable political division and a strangely paranoid culture.   Not only were fears of slave rebellions prevalent and population politically split, but novels and plays about intrigues were common and highly popular.   (She notes that George Farquhar’s The Beaux’ Stratagem was then the city’s most popular play.) New Yorkers were thus highly sensitive to anything resembling a plot and unusually prone to imagine such things; Lepore writes, â€Å"Nothing ‘just happened’ in the early eighteenth century.   There was always a villain to be caught, a conspiracy to be detected.   The century was lousy with intrigues† (51). In addition, she asserts that the black plotters may have been misunderstood by white witnesses who overheard them in Hughson’s tavern, taking oaths and swearing revenge on New York. She demonstrates that, much like New England’s slaves staged mock â€Å"election days† to both mimic and satirize white culture, the New York plotters may have been imitating their masters, many of whom were Masons (and thus mistrusted in an early America which saw wrongdoing in their secrecy and rituals).   Horsmanden, says Lepore, viewed the trial like a conspiracy novel and, â€Å"In an anxious empire, he found monstrous black creatures . . . [and] political plotters† (122) from whom he thought he could save the city. The 1741 plot was thus tailor-made for the age.   It involved a group of New York blacks who swore oaths to burn down the city, kill its white men, take their wives, and to install a tavern keeper and small-time criminal named John Hughson as the new governor.   After the arsonists were captured and confessions extracted (in some cases with torture, which could not legally be used on whites but was freely used against blacks), the colony’s Supreme Court was eager to demonstrate its authority and regain some of the credibility it lost after the Zenger trial.   In particular, Lepore devotes considerable attention to Daniel Horsmanden, the English judge who prosecuted Zenger and was eager to redeem himself. Lepore relies heavily on his own journal of the trial, pointing out its biases and distortions, and she comments that Horsmanden considered losing the Zenger trial â€Å"a gross humiliation† and that the 1741 plot offered him â€Å"an unrivaled opportunity to consolidate the court’s power.   He could make a name for himself† (118). Indeed, his handling of the trial shows not only his zeal but also how poorly colonial courts handled evidence and how grossly they mistreated black defendants.   Four whites and over a hundred blacks were executed, often in a grisly manner that assuaged the nervous city.   According to Lepore, whites enjoyed public executions and attended â€Å"out of hatred, out of obligation, out of fascination† and, â€Å"like imprisonment, interrogation, and trial, an execution was a pageant† (105).   Trials and executions of rebellious slaves were especially celebrated, as the racial order was preserved. Though the book claims to examine the 1741 slave plot’s meaning in terms of politics, is actually spends little time doing this and her analysis is thus somewhat underdeveloped.   However, Lepore offers an excellent picture of colonial New York’s race relations, which were volatile and tense, adding that â€Å"however much ‘liberty’ some enslaved New Yorkers might have enjoyed, it was always fragile and nearly always illicit† (155). Whites so feared blacks that they passed laws regulating their right to gather freely and set grossly unfair standards for sexual conduct (white men could exploit black women without penalty, but black men were sternly discouraged from consensual relations with white women).   It is little wonder, then, that blacks resented their white masters and neighbors.   Also, at the same time, though, the court was quick to attribute the plot’s leadership to Hughson, a smuggler and thief on the side, because few believed blacks intellectually capable of hatching such a scheme. Lepore ends the book by claiming that the 1741 plot demonstrates how New York’s colonial politics operated.   Horsmanden, who exacted a vicious justice on the conspirators, was stripped of his political offices in 1747 and then became a champion of the liberties he had denied as a judge.   His activities redeemed him and one of his posts was restored to him in 1755. Lepore uses this, along with the Zenger trial, as evidence of how New Yorkers became more tolerant of opposition politics, but she does not tie this very convincingly to the slave plot.   Indeed, her discussion of New York’s colonial politics pales in comparison to her picture of New York’s social and cultural landscapes. New York Burning appears to be two different histories in one, with its study of race relations and fear of conspiracies submerged within its examination of how the plot influenced politics.   The political aspects are not as well-developed and Lepore does not argue very convincingly that the Zenger trial and slave conspiracy demonstrate how New Yorkers handled the question of political opposition. The author devotes much of the book to exploring race and culture, and she creates a vivid, convincing picture of how early New Yorkers combined fear of their slaves with their taste for (and sensitivity to) conspiracy and intrigues.   Had the book been a study of race and paranoia, instead of claiming these were only parts of a developing political culture, it would likely have been a stronger piece of scholarship.   The book succeeds as a cultural history while failing to connect race and culture to the developing political landscape of early America. Lepore, Jill.   New York Burning.   New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.

How Successfully Did the Liberals Handle the Constitutional Crisis?

How successfully did the liberals handle the constitutional crisis in 1901 – 1911? In 1909 Lloyd George was the Chancellor, he was in charge of the countries money and how they spend it and how much they tax the public. He needed to increase the budget some how to pay for battle ships because England was in a arms race with Germany. When taxing the people he only wanted to increase the tax for the rich, he did not see it would be fair to increase the taxes for the already poor and those struggling to pay the tax already; however he came across a problem.The House of Lords had been the most powerful part of parliament, they had the power to block any bills and laws coming form the House of Commons. They had recently blocked the Education Act. This had been tradition for the past 200 years allowing them to dismiss any bill, this was incredibly bias though, most bills were passed to benefit the poor and to charge the rich. This bill would easily pass the Commons but not the Lords , Asquith’s solution was to ask King Edward VII (who had the highest power in the country) to create peers.In doing this the Liberals would be able to out vote the Conservative lords. The King agreed to this but he suddenly died in May 1910. This presented the Liberals with another step to over come. The next to the air was George V; his ambition was to get two parties to come to some kind of agreement without resorting to making new peers. A constitutional conference was held between June and November. The Conservatives offered to reform the composition of lords, but the liberals were determined to reduce the power of the constitution.The Conservatives also tried insisted the lords should have the power to veto any change in the constitution, enabling them to block the home rule for Ireland. Asquith was under strong pressure from the Irish to reject the Conservatives’ proposal. George V finally agreed he would create enough new peers to pass the parliament bill as lon g as the Liberal’s one a general election fought on this issue held in December. The Election left the Liberals and Conservatives with exactly the same number of seats, 272 each.However because the Liberals had a strong backing from Labour, who had 47 seats, and from the Irish Nationalists, who had 84 seats, the Liberals were able to rely on a working majority and would remain in government. This parliament act helped make the British constitution more democratic. They stopped the lord’s form controlling parliament and what happened to the country. For this reason alone I believe the Liberals were successful with the constitution crisis, however they would have not been able to do it alone, without the help of Labour and the Irish Nationalists the conservatives would have been in power.

Commercial transactions essay

Therefore, she has no duty of care to Frank and Beeline, while Douglas Pity Ltd, as a professional company has a duty of care to them. Sub Issue 1. 3 and 1. 4: although Black was employed by Brown & Co, it can be reasonably assumed that he wasn't given actual authority to give advice to someone out of his accounting firm, nor was there any implied authority for Black to let him give advice on his employer's behalf. By the way, it was reasonable to expect that Frank and Beeline would act on Black, a professional accountant's advice to sign the purchase contract. Therefore Black has a duty of care o Frank and Beeline, but Brown & Co does not.Issue 2 & Sub Issue 2. 1 and 2. 2: Frank and Beeline cannot sue Marie, but they can make an action against Douglas Pity Ltd. If they can prove that Marie has provided negligent misstatement about the motel business, such as phone call records, they can ask Douglas Pity Ltd to pay part of their losses. They also need to prove that Douglas Pity Ltd h as breached their duty of care to them. Sub Issue 2. 3 and 2. 4: When everything was ready Frank said that they could not sign the contract unless Black gave them advice to sign it. Black, a professional accountant indicated them to do so.Therefore, Brown & Co is not liable for Frank and Bellini's damage, but Black is, because Black has breached his duty of care to Frank and Beeline. CONCLUSION Under the tort of negligence, both Douglas Pity Ltd and Black are liable for Frank and Bellini's losses. Frank and Beeline can sue them and if they can prove that Douglas and Black had given negligent misstatement about profitability of the motel business. For instance, Frank and Beeline need to provide evidence that Black had given unachievable occupancy rate of the motel. However, Frank and Beeline cannot themselves and they were not entirely relying upon Blacks advice.For example, Frank and Beeline didn't enquire Black whether the occupancy rates given by him was practical or not. Overall, the chance of successfully getting remedies from Black is the largest, while there is also a reasonable chance to win the case against Douglas Pity Ltd. Frank and Beeline can expect to recover $ 15000 from Douglas Pity Ltd, $ 25000 from Black, but the remaining part of their loss, approximately $ 35000 are their own liabilities. By the way, it would be very difficult for Frank and Beeline to receive any remedy from Marie and Brown & Co even if they chose to sue them.

Effective staff development programme for nurses Research Paper

Effective staff development programme for nurses - Research Paper Example A Clinical Nurse Educator is a registered professional nurse with an advanced education, including postgraduate clinical and educational training combined with several years of expertise in a healthcare specialty (Coe, n.d.). A combination of clinical expertise and a passion for teaching are two of the fundamental skills that are needed by nurse educators (March & Ambrose, 2010). Nurse educators should have research and writing skills needed to identify learning needs and develop the right educational programmes and teaching strategies for their target learners (March & Ambrose, 2010). They should also have classroom teaching skills, where they are prepared to design and assess academic and continuing education programs for nurses and clinical staff (Coe, n.d.). At the workplace, they design informal continuing education programs that aim to enhance professional competencies as part of the individual learning needs. In addition, nurse educators serve as leaders who redefine processes for improved work-flow, document the results of educational programs and assist staff, students and patients through the learning process (Coe, n.d.). Nurse teams work closely with healthcare professionals and patients to develop enhanced disease outcomes and innovative approaches for patient management, which range training of professionals on new treatment protocols to working with patients and healthcare workers to instruct, train, advice and provide clinical support (Coe, n.d.).

Case Study on Organizational Behaviour and Analysis Essay

Case Study on Organizational Behaviour and Analysis - Essay Example Case Study on Organizational Behaviour and Analysis This is a testimony of the company’s positive organisational behaviour strategies, designed to retain employees and customers on a long term basis. The founder and present CEO, Howard Schultz has been pivotal in steering the company’s organisational behavioural systems over several years. Having nurtured and guided the company’s fortunes in its formative years, his return as CEO marks a new era in organisational success of the company. Initially, he was keen on opening new stores all over the country for which funds were required. He arranged for floating a $25 Million Initial Public Offering (IPO) during 1992, which provided necessary funds for his expansion plans to make Starbucks coffee drinking a part of a world wide accepted culture. However, over the years, impact of market forces led to downward trends in the business fortunes of Starbucks, and with receding markets and lowered profits, organisational remodelling, especially at the top level, was needed to solve the vexing issues that confronted the company and also provide sound and substantive leadership. It was also to provide organisational and managerial decision making processes, based on experiences to face competitive incursions into its business. Schultz provided organisational restructure when he decided to close down 100 underperforming stores and reduce opening of new stores to just 1,175 during the year, lower by 34% as compared to earlier figures. (Starbucks: Maintaining Principles as We Grow, p.16).

Marketing Strategy of Toyota Energy-Saving Vehicle in UK Market Essay

Marketing Strategy of Toyota Energy-Saving Vehicle in UK Market - Essay Example The researcher states that alternative energy news gives a range of definitions of energy-saving vehicles indicating that an energy saving vehicle has one or more of the following qualities. A stop-start engine, with is a standard internal combustion engine which turns itself off when the car comes to a stop. A hybrid vehicle which combines a standard internal combustion engine with battery-powered technology, allowing the car to select the most efficient source of power through an onboard computer. Finally, there are cars which run entirely from an electrical source based upon current battery technologies. At present Toyota produces and markets two models of energy saving vehicle in the UK each of which has a slightly different marketing mix. The Prius is Toyota’s original hybrid model and is aimed at the mid-upper end of the market for family cars. The car is marketed as a product which is environmentally friendly and gives the consumer long-term cost savings with low MPG co nsumption rate. The car is currently marketed in four specifications ranging in price from  £21,000 to  £27,000. While the performance figures for the car in terms of fuel consumption are a significant selling feature of the model and see the cost of running far lower than many other vehicles on the market. Critics indicate that there are also other energy saving vehicles on the market which far higher levels of performance when it comes to the issue of cost savings. With the Toyota Prius now entering its fourth generation, one may consider that the product is entering the maturity stage of the product lifecycle. Consumers no longer see the Toyota Prius as a radical innovation but a practical way of enjoying low-cost motoring from the perspective of running costs. Toyota Auris represents the second model of energy saving vehicle to be introduced to the UK market by Toyota. Like its predecessor, the Toyota Prius the car makes use of hybrid engine technology to deliver a vehicle w ith low running costs and other financial benefits such as low tax duties. However, the marketing mix and target audience for the Auris model is slightly different to that of the Prius.

Karyotyping (cellular chemistry) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Karyotyping (cellular chemistry) - Assignment Example DNA strands are systematically wound around several times over to permit storage without sacrificing the efficiency of regulated translation of the coded information into proteins, which are essential molecular components of biological processes (Gilbert 9). Defect in the highly-organized structure chromosomes will thus inhibit either the regulation of gene translation, or the translation process itself. Karyotyping is the examination of chromosomes of a particular sample of cells to detect differences in the chromosomes’ number and structure. Cells may be obtained from amniotic fluid, blood, bone marrow, or placenta. As mentioned earlier, such aberrations manifests physically and functionally. For example, chromosomal aberration may affect fetal development, especially when the site of defect involves genes necessary for molding a child from a unicellular zygote. In such cases, either a couple cannot produce an offspring and continuously suffer miscarriages, or physical abnormalities and functional defects are evident after their baby is born. The abnormalities may manifest as soon as the baby has been delivered, or may take some time to be observed. In addition, chromosomal aberrations can also predispose someone to develop certain diseases, such as cancer (Chambers 2009). When karyotyping was performed on a 28 year old male complaining of infertility, it was determined that he has an extra X chromosome, a condition known as Kleinfelter’s syndrome. This extra copy of X chromosome, specifically the genes that come with it, interferes with the proper function of testes in its production of viable sperm cells and testosterone. Each can exclusively cause the infertility experienced by the patient. Moreover, he might also have had small testes, large breasts, and reduced facial and body hair. The patient is also predisposed to developing breast cancer and systemic

English 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English 101 - Essay Example This would mean that certain changes to the social processes associated with college life might need to be changed. For example, the same methods which are used to recruit young adults or adolescents coming out of high school may not be good enough for targeting more mature individuals. Colleges might have to change their approach in how they offer their classes and what services they provide on campus to their students (Back2College.com, 2007). Additionally, those who come to college with a few decades of real world experience with them may have quite a different opinion of how things operate in the real world as compared to those who have remained in college for most of their lives. For any given college, such a student can have a useful impact on class discussions and the resulting knowledge gained for other students in the same class. At the same time, there would a great impact on the workers who choose to go back to college since it is quite an adjustment going from a regular nine to five job to the college environment where class schedules and deadlines determine working hours rather than scheduled project plans (Back2College.com, 2007). Such workers may need time to adapt to the environment and would need help from the college itself. Some colleges have established specific offices to help adult learners but a lot more remains to be done in this respect since the growth in numbers of older college students shows a rising trend. Perhaps the most significant impact of the social change would be on the recruiting companies that use colleges as their hunting grounds for new members of the company. While these companies have traditionally used colleges to seek out entry level employees from the bachelor’s level programs and mid management from the master’s programs, they could now seek out employees to come into senior management positions right out of college simply because these employees have the experience, the maturity as well as the latest

Interview - See details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interview - See details - Essay Example Finally, the interview with the parent revealed a perspective greatly varying from the previous internal perspectives. The parent placed most emphasis on student success on the actual student. Introduction The 21st century has ushered in a new host of challenges. While globally there are emerging concerns over energy and the environment, some of the most prominent domestic concerns involve education. If the United States is going to remain successful in this increasingly competitive global world education will undoubtedly play a major role. As a means of investigating some of the challenges and perspectives in education this essay constitutes an analysis of perspectives gained from a teacher, administrator, and parent. To ensure confidentiality the names and personal information of these individuals have been withheld. Analysis The first interview that was conducted was with a teacher. There was a large amount of significant information gained from this interview. The specific teache r works at a high school. They informed me that they currently teach junior and senior level English classes. They have an Advanced Placement class, as well as classes at different ends of the educational spectrum; in this way they indicated that they gain a broad view of the different students at the school. In terms of specific background information they stated that they had a Bachelor of Arts Degree in English and had worked for a period in instructional design. They indicated that there were a few difficult parts of the job. To a large extent these challenges seem to be indicative not simply of this teacher’s classrooms, but endemic of the larger school environment. In this way one of the greatest challenges is motivating the lower-tier students. Many of these students refrain from completing any after school work. This makes reading novels or any engaging in any extended material difficult. Additionally, classroom behavior in these environments oftentimes suffers as the students are disengaged from the lesson plan. While the teacher expressed a great amount of joy he received from his profession, it’s clear that he was also disenchanted with much of the process. For instance, he found some of the administration at the school lacking. He indicated that while he recognizes the importance of a strong administrative staff, many of the administrators at the school had not been inside of a classroom in many years. He believed then that there was a significant divide between what their perceptions were and the actual occurrences of the classroom environment. This perspective seemed to be thematic throughout the interview. In this way he believed that innovation and lesson plan development at the school was highly difficult to achieve because of an administrative staff that was chained to antiquated methods of instruction. One notable point he made was that with the onset of the Digital Age students are increasingly engaged with digital technology; still the school environment remains committed to traditional teaching practices. He believed that much of the behavior problems he had in his lower-level English classes can be attributed to students who were rejecting these traditional teaching methods. There is the recognition that research literature has supported this teacher’s position. For instance, Kember (2008, p. 249) indicated that one of the primary determinants of student motivation was perceived relevancy. In these regards it seems

Public Finance-Social Security Insolvency Essay

Public Finance-Social Security Insolvency - Essay Example At the initial stage of this program, permanently disabled soldiers and widows of soldiers were given the benefits of social security policies. The most noted disadvantage of this program is that it had not designed any provisions for the Confederate side veterans and families. In order to remove the inefficiencies of the program and to coordinate the whole unions of soldiers, this program was restructured later and thereby all unions of soldiers got the benefit of the program regardless of the intensity of their injuries. Due to the expansion of the program, the federal government was driven to spend more than one third of its funds to meet the military pensions in 1984. The United States was shaken by the great depression of 1930 when millions of Americans lost their jobs and struggled to meet the livelihood. The event prompted the thoughts of a comprehensive social security system for the survival of the weakest in times of such severe situations. Franklin Roosevelt became the pre sident of America in 1932 and the depression was at its intense stage in this period. He was the first person who suggested an idea of social insurance in America although it was characterized by several weak aspects. Roosevelt’s idea was the milestone in the history of social security programs and it was molded into its present form subsequent to various amendments of Roosevelt’s basic frame. ... This plan persuaded the workers to set aside a specified percentage of their income to a separate account so that they can use this amount to meet the monthly expenses after retirement. Subsequently, Social Security Act (SSA) came into force in 1935. Since 1935 the SSA system has been exercising in US with relevant modifications in accordance with changing economic situations and population of the country. Currently, social security system in United States is known as Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Deaven and Andrews (vii) lists other social security programs which include â€Å"Unemployment Insurance, Temporary Assistance to Needy families, Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled (Medicare), Grants to States for Medical Assistance Programs (Medicaid), State Children’s Health Insurance programs (SCHIP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). 2. Causes of the anticipated insolvency: Anticipated insolvency or expected insolvency is a threa t to business as it leads the business to failure in the near future. Insolvency may occur in small businesses as well as in big businesses although small business ventures have more possibility to confront with it. There are large numbers of causes for anticipated insolvency. Lack of working capital is the main cause of anticipated insolvency as it interrupts the smooth running of the business (The 65 most common reasons for business failure). The inadequate capital resources cause to diminish the management incompetence which is the catalyst that leads the business upwards. The thoughtless managerial decisions, unfair issue of credits, and unnecessary purchases are the major factors which create the situation of capital deficiency. Unforeseen contingencies like floods,