Sustainability at Millipore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maintainability at Millipore - Essay Example ents used as a piece of liquid stream methods to filter through or concentrate particulates, particles, microorganisms, diseases, and various materials. Customers used Millipores channels for purifying, cell harvesting, and withdrawing blends from complex mixes. For example, the reward business used Millipores channels to remove microorganisms and yeast from wine, ale, press, and water. Millipore in like manner conveyed an assortment of lab equipment, including acknowledgment gadgets. The inquiries to be talked about considering the company’s endeavors to accomplish supportability are as underneath. The assembling procedure or any creation procedure needs a few sources of info (crude materials). The crude materials experience a specific chain of procedure or different chain forms before the last item is accomplished. These sources of info are assets that nature gives like air, water, stones, and so forth. Along these lines, fabricating forms devour the normally accessible assets. During the creation procedure, different substances are delivered as waste. The waste materials could be in vaporous, fluid or strong state. These waste materials are synthetic compounds that are unsafe to nature. For example, nursery gasses and other unsafe materials that are hurtful to the microorganisms living in water and ashore. Overutilization of the characteristic assets past the recharging limit of nature is the result of most company’s exercises. The demonstration can be alluded to as unreasonable use of assets. Maintainability grasps the utilization of regular assets to address the issues of the present age, and yet moderating and reestablishing similar assets to address the issues of things to come age. Supportability can be accomplished through decreasing the negative effect of a company’s monetary exercises on the earth by taking part in exercises that are socially dependable. Social obligation improves the company’s picture and notoriety, which thusly, leads

Vietnam Essays (821 words) - Vietnam War, Indochina Wars

Vietnam Vietnam is a nation 9000 miles from the United States. However America felt that its national enthusiasm to secure the harmony in south Asia and stop socialist was compromised emphatically enough to battle a war there. Hence, American thought about that the foundation of the Iron Curtain of Europe must be halted to happen again in Asia. In the interim, the socialist take over of China, the Korean War and the socialist triumph over the French in Vietnam all drove numerous Americans to expect that The socialists were assuming control over the world and America must dispatch power to stop their extension. Around then, most American trusted in the Domino Theory, recommending that on the off chance that one Asian nation tumbled to the Communist the others would rapidly follow. The U.S. government accepted that by helping the South Vietnamese government to oppose the attack of the North Vietnam and forestall the spread of socialism to all through the world to stop advance of socialist is t he one and only one and most significant viewpoint for American system neglected War. After the WWII, US government thought about that the socialism represent an extraordinary danger to world harmony. For instance, socialist handily settled purported Iron Curtain in the east Europe and ousted Chang system in the China and drove out France from Vietnam. Along these lines, with France withdrawal from Vietnam, American needs to forestall a Communist takeover just as hesitance on separated of American presidents to accept of essential accountability for battling Vietcong and their North socialist Vietnam partners. Then, From Truman, American presidents all had done what's needed to keep away from charge as who lost Vietnam to socialist. by 1954, rather than keep the guarantee of Geneva of occurring a free races so as to choose a pioneer for rule the unified Vietnam, American helped Nyo Dinb Diem as the leader of Vietnam, set up American-style government in the southern Vietnam. By the mid-1950s, the Vietcong represent an incredible danger against South Vietnam, and the No rth started to siphon weapons, guides, and other asset into the southern units, which were rearranged as the National Liberation Front in 1958. Right now, losing the Vietnam to socialist likewise strikes into American presidents heart, along these lines, in the late 1950, US government dispatched many unique guides (later in war the numbers was dependent upon thousands) to help S. Vietnam military to battle with Vietcong. Vietnam had gotten snared neglected war moves of the United States and Communism. With United States backing, American discovered the leader of Vietnam who didnt have capacity to battle with socialist in the open country and to begin social and financial changes. In the interim, his severe strategies coordinated against Communists as well as against the Buddhist larger part and different pundits. Hence, US government chose to oust Diem system and bolster ace America of officers system. Be that as it may, America additionally settled on Americanize for Vietnam War, in light of the fact that a great many people trust American power could overcome the not well arranged Vietcong and their North partners. In any case, it was likewise obvious to Johnson and his administration that American military contribution must not arrive at levels that would incite the Chinese and Soviet into direct mediation. In this way, albeit battling with helicopters and gunship concoction defoliants, and napalm, became like the channel fighting of World war one - a war of whittling down. As Clark Clifford of new secretary of resistance stated: we have no military intend to end the war. The American intercession of in Vietnam in 1965, the risk and visually impaired stupidity of ideological war become progressively evident for around 25 years. The US confronted an inside emergency in hostile to war and against government development. As the war delayed and restriction mounted understudies and others created advanced approaches to stay away from sidestep, or oppose the draft. More than 20000 youngsters just wouldn't acknowledge comply with their draft notification and 4000 of those youngsters carried out jail punishments. In the mean time, several youngsters initiated court difficulties to the draft. The outcome was an a lot more extensive translation of them noncombatant in order to permit exclusion for those with good and moral issues with war established in mainstream as opposed to profound standards. Somewhere in the range of 56,000 men qualified for outspoken opponent status during the Vietnam War,

FEAR OF TECHNOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dread OF TECHNOLOGY - Essay Example There is a noteworthy reality that individuals are currently ready to imagine the future regarding innovation. Our lives are ruled results and the issues of innovation since all parts of our lives; social exercises, training, even religion has come to depend intensely on innovation (Banks and Stevens, 2005, p.265). Reality that has risen is the dread of innovation according to what they will do on the grounds that its reception has burglarized humans’ security and even access to an assortment of data. Also, innovation has become an indifferent system and this can be found in the administrations and corporate in the manner in which they have empowered machines to run without anyone else and not with the control of a person. The general public all in all has brought up issues on whether there are challenges in the manner individuals describe the manner in which innovation has been grasped, or the manner in which innovation has had an effect in their lives. Confusions come to fruition in the opportunity the individuals have in utilizing innovation, this is found in the manner in which people give machines something that is mankind. At the point when individuals reject at least one of their duties, machine promptly fill the position and plays out the errand. People have built up the propensi ty to offer articulations to do and take up the free life they have in innovation, and reality behind this is enhanced in the innovation of PCs, making PCs autonomous operators. Individuals ought not overlook the way that the self-governing life we have is our own, and there ought to be an encounter with all organizations of innovation in all parts of our lives. The arrangement most appropriate to defeat this inebriation brought about by innovation is finding an equalization that is correct (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2011, p 274). This should be possible by adjusting between the accentuations on human opportunity where innovation ought to be made nonpartisan, and putting a built up accentuation on proclivities of the people by

A Review Of Wendys

A Review Of Wendys Official Summary Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers is a worldwide inexpensive food chain eatery established by Dave Thomason November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio, and moved central station to Dublin, Ohio on January 29, 2006. Wendys was Americas national food, and the universes third biggest burger inexpensive food chain with around 6,700 areas. On April 24, 2008, the organization declared a merger with Triarc, the parent organization of Arbys. Following the merger, Triarc got known as Wendy’s/Arby’s Group. Wendy’s/Arby’s Group is the parent organization of Wendy’s, and is a traded on an open market organization. Arby’s Restaurant Group, Inc. is an entirely possessed auxiliary of Wendy’s/Arby’s Group, Inc. This report will concentrate on Wendy’s Burgers of the Wendy’s/Arby’s Group. The primary point of this report is to explore and dissect the showcasing exercises of Wendy’s Burgers. What is the Wendyâ €™s direction? What are the qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers (SWOT) of Wendy’s? What are the upper hands of Wendy’s? What is the effect of Wendy’s advertising blend? This report will attempt to address the above inquiries and the sky is the limit from there. Presentation Wendy’s/Arby’s Group is the parent organization of Wendy’s, and is a traded on an open market organization. Around 77% of Wendy’s cafés are diversified, most of which are situated in North America. Wendy’s and its members utilizes in excess of 46,000 individuals in its worldwide tasks. In financial year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) altogether sales.While Wendy’s sets measures for outside store appearance, food quality and menu, singular proprietors have authority over long stretches of activities, inside style, valuing and staff regalia and wages. Wendy’s finished 2007 with just shy of 6000 Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers cafés in activity. Of these, 1,274 (21%) were organization possessed and worked while the staying 4,662 eateries were diversified. Notwithstanding Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, Wendy’s is put resources into the Cafe Express and Pasta Pomodoro eatery networks, claiming 70% and 29% of those chains, separately. Until 2006 Wendy’s International Inc. additionally possessed the Tim Hortons and Baja Fresh establishments. The chain is known for its square ground meat cheeseburgers and the Frosty, a type of delicate serve dessert blended in with solidified starches contracted from potato items. The thought for Wendy’s â€Å"old fashioned† cheeseburgers was really motivated by Dave Thomas’s outings to Kewpee Hamburgers in his old neighborhood of Kalamazoo, Michigan. The Kewpee sold square cheeseburgers and thick malt shakes, much like the notable eatery that Thomas in the long run established in Columbus, Ohio, in 1969. Thomas named t he eatery after his fourth childMelinda Lou â€Å"Wendy† Thomas. WENDY’S ORIENTATION Nature of interest Over the century, advertise for cheap food has expanded definitely, time being one of the significant imperatives. A downturn in the mid 1980s, joined with high meat costs and Wendy’s touchy just as compromising development prompted the â€Å"burger wars.† Wendy’s moved into the number three spot behind McDonald’s and Burger King, fuelled by its presentation of a chain wide plate of mixed greens bar, chicken bosom sandwiches, and heated potatoes.

Why Professional Editing Matters

Why Professional Editing Matters In this day and age of technology and the faster is better credo, good writing seems to have fallen by the wayside. You write texts and messages with abbreviations, incomplete sentences, and emoticons. Informal writing seems to have run rampant and become more acceptable. Yet, proper and effective formal writing has never been as integral to keeping up and excelling in this ultra-competitive world.You know that writing is a difficult thing to do, even for professionals. Your stomach churns and you feel a sense of dread when a professor gives you a college essay to write, when your boss asks you to prepare a presentation at a meeting, or when you work on crafting the perfect cover letter for your dream job.But now it is more important than ever to have good writing skills and well-written documents, whether they are for business, personal, non-profit, academic, or job search-related use. You need to present yourself in the best way possibleâ€"to avoid embarrassing mistakes, to get tha t job, to get into a top-rated school, to make an effective presentation at work, or to raise awareness and much-needed money for a charity cause.What do editing and proofreading services entail?Theres more to editing and crafting a good paper than meets the eye. When a document is edited and proofread, the following corrections and modifications are made:Fix spelling, grammar, punctuation, syntax, and verb tense mistakes.Improve sentence structure.Adhere to particular style guide rules.Enhance clarity and improve flow.Reorganize paragraphs.Fix awkward wording and find the perfect words.Correct ESL mistakes.The types of editing and the differences between themHow many types of editing are there? The simple answer to that question is two: editing and proofreading. But one can also argue that there are three main categories: editing, proofreading, and copyediting. Then there are the specialized subcategories, such as book manuscript and dissertation editing.Editing is more comprehensi ve and substantive, and it focuses on the style, flow, and subject area of your document and may require specialization. Proofreading focuses on going over each line of text and making sure all punctuation marks are in the right places, and that there are no spelling and grammar mistakes.Copyediting is not as widely-known; it is typically found in publishing, and may be done in addition to traditional editing and proofreading. It usually occurs before proofreading; the copyeditor checks for grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes, and looks at overall style issues and specific style guide adherence (e.g., Turabian, MLA, APA).Can you do the editing yourself or do you need someone to help you?You need a second pair of eyes to spot mistakes and typos, to clean up, polish, and improve your writing. You need an outsiders point of view because you are simply too close to your own text. There are typos, gaps, and awkward wording and structure that you wont even notice. Your writing or story may sound clear and error-free to you, but you may be incorrect.You need a fresh perspective and point-of-view. Famous novelists and writers have resorted to some weird tricks to get this much-needed new perspective. Virginia Woolf allegedly wrote on an angled three-and-a-half-foot tall desk so she could read her work both up-close and at a distance. You dont need to go to such extremes; hiring a professional editor will also do the trick.Why you cant find all of your own writing mistakesIt all boils down to science. As Mics Eric Brodwin explains, there are two main reasons for this discrepancy:This is your brain on writingWhen you think creatively, you use different parts of the brain than when you think with more routine traditional tasks. Studies by radiologist Martin Lotze of the University of Greifswald in Germany have shown that your brain concentrates more on formulating and communicating complex ideas and thoughts, and not on less complicated, simpler areas of writing such as spelling and other typos. Psychologist Tom Stafford, who studies typos at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom, states in Wired, When youre writing, youre trying to convey meaning. Its a very high-level task.This is your brain on editingYou dont see typos in your own work. You see what you want to see. As Nick Stockton explains in Wired, The reason we dont see our own typos is because what we see on the screen is competing with the version that exists in our heads. You are too close to the text, you know what you have (or intended) to write, so you dont have a fresh perspective. Glaring omissions and mistakes escape your eyes. You think everything looks good in your document, but little do you know. This graphic demonstrates why it is difficult (if not impossible) to catch all of your own typos.Examples of embarrassing mistakes todayNewspapers and other media often contain attention-garnering typos. Los Angeles Times writer Steve Harvey said in 2004, Over the ye ars, readers have sent me ads with such spectacular malapropisms as Chip and Dale furniture, Floor Shine shoes, Waynes Coating, Chester Drawers and Rod Iron. (Translation: Chippendale, Florsheim, wainscoting, chest of drawers and wrought iron.)Why editing is a big dealTo illustrate the importance of editing and the difficulty you face finding typos in writing (especially in your own), Danny Rubin created a quiz for NY Times readers. He inserted 14 errors into five articles. See how carefully you read and if you can find them all!What professional editing can do for youEditing can actually be just as important as the writing itself, and it can take more time than writing. Businesses, students, job seekers, novelists, college and grad school applicants, and others can all benefit from professional online editing services. Novelists often have only one shot at getting published; they need to make the most of their opportunity.BusinessIn todays fast-paced and competitive business enviro nment, you require professional solutions to create a strong corporate identity. The stakes are high in the workplace, in all forms of business communicationâ€"from financial reports and presentations, to emails and websites. Companies often have one chance to make a positive first impression. Spelling, grammatical and punctuation mistakes, awkward wording, and lack of clarity and proper structure can undermine and damage your professional reputation, credibility, and message. An incorrect abbreviation or missing or misplaced comma or apostrophe can cause miscommunication, confusion, and embarrassment. Poor writing style, typos, and omissions can reduce the look and sound of professionalism and turn off clients, potential investors, bosses, or co-workers.AcademicAn ever-increasing number of people are furthering their education these days. How can you make your essay stand out in the crowd when applying to college or grad school? Making the best possible first impression is necessar y to stand out from the pack and to get admitted to your chosen school. Writing error-free and compelling college entrance essays will impress and gain the attention of admissions counselors.A professional editor can polish your writing and increase the chances of your essay not being viewed as being mediocre. You need to capture the interest of admissions or impress that particular professor. Put your best foot forward with an editors help.Job marketIn todays ultra-competitive job market, a well-crafted resume and cover letter can make all the difference in scoring a job interview or offer. They are your marketing tools to potential employers. Make sure your resume and cover letter are not overlooked in the pile. Good editing will help make your writing shine and stand apart from the rest.The goal of your writing is to make your particular document an effective communication tool, and editing helps accomplish that mission. Good editing is an investment in your education, career, or endeavor. It enhances clarity and makes your writing more credible, persuasive, and professional-sounding. It will give you the winning edge.Professional online editing servicesWith professional online editing services, you can choose the editor best-suited for your project. You can take the time to read editors qualifications and previous experiences, see their portfolios, and request free sample edits. You have the ability to find the editor who is the perfect fit. Like The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, you can look for and find the bowl of porridge that is not too hot, not too cold, but just right.So what can you expect from your editor? What benefits will be provided? A good editor has various responsibilities and serves different functions. She can be a mentor and guide your writing to where it needs to be. Your editor will provide a much-needed second pair of eyes, a fresh perspective, and an outsiders point-of-view. She will provide constructive criticism, save yo u time, and reduce your anxiety about your paper. Remember that professional editors are just thatâ€"professionals. They are experts in the field of editing (and often writing). You can find one who has experience with the specific topic area of your writing. Editors will provide feedback on how to best improve your document. You can always pick and choose which changes to accept and which advice to follow.Professional online editors will help polish and perfect your writing, and make it the best possible version. They will take your document to the next level.Small errors, big consequencesHere are two examples of how seemingly simple writing errors can have costly consequences:The printer of the 1632 edition of the Wicked Bible was fined £300 ($52,000 today) for the omission of the word not in the seventh commandment, Thou shalt commit adultery. That one mistake changed the entire meaning of the commandment. The printer not only faced a hefty fine, but his license was also suspend ed.There is also the Canadian case in which a single comma enabled one party to exit the contracts arrangement with a single-years notice, instead of the originally intended five-year term. The cost of this blunder was one million Canadian dollars.The election process is not immune from costly editing errors either. The clerk of Ottawa County in Michigan had to apologize in 2010 for two errors that were made on election ballots in four years. Two candidates names were missing from absentee ballots mailed to approximately 1,400 voters. Reprints cost $48,570. Another ballot error in 2006 cost more than $48,000 in reprints. The letter L was omitted from the word public on a proposal on the ballot.Famous words of wisdom â€" My favorite editing quotesHere are some words of wisdom that perfectly capture why you need editing, especially professional editing, for your important written documents.You write to communicate to the hearts and minds of others whats burning inside you, and we edit to let the fire show through the smoke.Arthur PlotnikAn editor should tell the author his writing is better than it is. Not a lot better, a little better.T. S. EliotEditing might be a bloody trade, but knives arent the exclusive property of butchers. Surgeons use them too.Blake MorrisonWhat are your favorite quotes about editing?To sum it all upSimply put, good writing requires good editing. Editing and proofreading are challenging and time-consuming jobs to do. So it is best to have your document professionally edited. A good editor can serve many beneficial functions and help make you a better writer. Impress your boss, publisher, human resources, or professor with a well-crafted and wellâ€"edited document.Get your paper professionally edited, and get the most out of your writing. Stand out from the crowd and give your writing the winning edge.

Measuring and modifying hardness of metals - 1925 Words

Measuring and modifying hardness of metals (Lab Report Sample) Content: Aggregates Name Lecturer Date Abstract Aggregates are important material in the construction industry and can be defined as a granular material that is made of sand, crushed stone or gravels. The performance of material which is critical in the construction industry is dependent on the aggregate distribution. The sieve analysis and the void content and density analysis, are some of the methods used in distribution and quality of aggregate analysis. The report base it analysis on an experimental set up in which both void content and density and sieve test analysis is carried out using crashed granite and crushed rock respectively. The sieve analysis is done through passing of the sample aggregate through a set of sieves as shown in table one below. The retained aggregates are weighed and data collected used to fill the table 1 from which a graph of distribution is drawn. A graph of sieve mess size in x-axis (mm), cumulative % passing in the y-axis and cumulative percentage retained in the z-axis was drawn to reflect the aggregate distribution. The percentage difference between the initial sample aggregate and the cumulative sum of the retained aggregate which is 0.11% show that the experiment was successful and the analysis is based on accurate data. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc446083380 \h 3Aim and Objectives PAGEREF _Toc446083381 \h 4Apparatus PAGEREF _Toc446083382 \h 4Procedure PAGEREF _Toc446083383 \h 4Experimental Theory PAGEREF _Toc446083384 \h 5Experimental Results and Analysis PAGEREF _Toc446083385 \h 6SIEVE ANALYSIS PAGEREF _Toc446083386 \h 6VOID CONTENT AND DENSITY PAGEREF _Toc446083387 \h 8Discussion PAGEREF _Toc446083388 \h 9Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc446083389 \h 11References PAGEREF _Toc446083390 \h 12Appendices PAGEREF _Toc446083391 \h 12 Introduction Aggregates are can simply be defines as a granular materials that can either be natural, recycled or manufactured and are mostly used as construction material. Natural aggregates are extracted from large quarry rocks and reduced to the desired sizes through physical crushing. Aggregates can either be from sand, crushed stone and gravels. In construction industry during the preparation of both asphalt concrete and Portland cement concrete, aggregates are mixed together with water, Portland cement and sand. According to (Rogers, 1988) outline natural aggregates as the most abundant natural resource and it compost of crushed stone, sand and gravels. Aggregates are very important constructions, agriculture and industrial metallurgical processes. The quality of the mixture (concrete) depends on the quality of the input which collectively determines workability and pumpability. Factors such as the size of the aggregates, aggregate void content and the specific gravity of the aggregates affect the choice of aggregate to be used. However, sieve test is very important in determining the gradation or aggregate particle presence within a given mixture. Aim and Objectives Aim * To demonstrate the how laboratory test can be used to assess the physical properties of aggregate intended to be used in concrete. Objectives * To understand the grading specification of the aggregates * To determine sources of flaws in the sieving analysis experiment. * To understand the importance of the overload check during sieving experiment. * To demonstrate how variation of density is affected by the type of aggregate used. Apparatus * Balance/scale * Sieves * Mechanical sieve shaker * Suitable dry Equipment * Containers and Utensils * Optional mechanical washing devices Procedure (Sieve analysis process) * Take a dried oven sample of soil of the desired weight * Conglomerate the soil particle if they are lumped * Determine the weight of the soil sample accurately * Prepare the stuck of sieves with the larger being at the top and smaller size at the bottom. * Ensure the sieves are clean/ remove any stuck particles * Weigh all sieves and the pan separately * Pour the aggregates into the sieves from Top and place the cover, put the stack in the sieve shaker, shake the aggregate for about 10min. * Stop the sieve shaker and measure the sample of each sieve plus the retained soil. Experimental Theory Aggregates normally takes about 70% by volume of the concrete. Aggregates are classified as either manmade or natural and granular materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone and blast furnace slag are few examples of aggregates. Aggregate analysis is important in concrete analysis because properties such as workability, durability, strength, thermal properties and the concrete density all depend on the quality of the aggregates used. Aggregates according to (Nmai, Suchorsk McDowel, 2013) can also be classified into wet, saturated surface dry, air-dry and oven dry depending on the moisture content. The figure below shows the classes of aggregates. Fig 1: Moisture condition of the aggregates (Nmai, Suchorsk McDowel, 2013) Sieve analysis is a test carried out to determine the grain size distribution within a given aggregate range. The test is named sieve analysis dust to the number of sieves arranged from large to small sieve size. The figure below shows an example of sieves. Fig 2: Sieve arrangement during sieving process The space between the aggregate that is left unoccupied is normally referred to as void. The percentage of the void in an aggregate is determined using the equation shown below Experimental Results and Analysis SIEVE ANALYSIS Description of the sample Crushed rock Mass of empty riffle box container, M=151g Mass of riffle box container + oven dry sample, M=2037g Mass of the oven dry sample, M= M- M=2037-151=1886 g Sieve set: B/E Sieve frame diameter, D: 300 mm Sieve area, A= (à Ã¢â€š ¬D/4): 70685.83 mm Overloading limit, M= (A/d)/200 Sieve mesh size, dn(mm) serial number of sieve overload limit for sieve Moverload(g) Mass of empty sieve(g) mass of sieve+retained sample(g) Mass of retained sample Mn(g) overload check:MoverloadMn %of M4 retained on sieve Rn Cumulative % retained,ÃŽÂ £Rn %finer= 100-ÃŽÂ £Rn BS/EN Limits for grade (%) pass or fail 14 5791991 1322.41 1103 1103 0 yes 0 0 100       10 5794662 1117.64 1067 1341 274 yes 14.528 14.528 85.472       8 5784231 999.64 1122 1698 576 yes 30.54 45.068 54.932       6.3 5771998 887.1 1157 1750 593 yes 31.442 76.51 23.49       4 5774862 706.85 1217 1576 359 yes 19.034 95.544 4.456       2.8 12030593 591.4 1193 1225 32 yes 1.696 97.24 2.76       2 12030592 499.82 1096 1104 8 yes 0.424 97.664 2.336       1 12031011 353.429 1204 1207 3 yes 0.159 97.823 2.177       pan N/A    750 793 43 yes 2.279 100 0                   ÃŽÂ £Mn 1888 M4                Table 1: Tabulated experimental values Mass lost or gained during sieving= (M-M/M) x 100 =à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦% (OK if 0.5%; check arithmetic if 0.5%, and repeat test if error not resolved) Calculations %of M4 retained on sieve Rn = (Retained mass/initial oven dry mass)x 100 Case 1= (0/1886) x100=0 Case 2= (274/1886) x100=14.528 Case 3= (576/1886) x100=30.54 Case 4= (593/1886) x100=31.442 Case 5= (359/1886) x100=19.034 Case 6= (32/1886) x100=1.696 Case 7= (8/1886) x100=0.424 Case 8= (3/1886) x100=0.159 Case 9= (43/1886) x100=2.279 Cumulative % retained, ÃŽÂ £Rn Case1= (case o+ case 1) = (0+0)=0 Case1= (case 1+ case 2) = (0+14.528)=14.528 Case1= (case 2+ case 3) = (14.528+30.54) =45.068 Case1= (case 3+ case4) = (45.068+31.442) =76.51 Case1= (case 4+ case 5) = (76.51+19.034) =95.544 Case1= (case 5+ case 6) = (95.544+1.696) =97.24 Case1= (case 6+ case 7) = (97.24+0.424) =97.664 Case1= (case 7+ case 8) = (97.664+0) =97.883 Case1= (case 9+ case 10) = (97.883+2.279) =100 Overloading limit, M= (Ad)/200 Case 1= (70685.83x 14)/200= 1322.41 Case 2= (70685.83x 10)/200 =1117.64 Case 3= (70685.83x 8)/200=999.64 Case 4= (70685.83x 6.3)/200= 887.1 Case 6= (70685.83x 4)/200= 706.85 Case 7= (70685.83x 2.8)/200=591.4 Case 8= (70685.83x 2)/200=499.82 Case 9= (70685.83x 1)/200= 353.429 Mass lost or gained during sieving= (M-M/M) x 100 = (1886-1888/1886) x100= 0.11% VOID CONTENT AND DENSITY Description of sample: Large core aggregates/Crushed granite Volume of empty glass container, V= 3.5 litres Voids content of sample, V: 47% Volume of void in the sample, V= (V/100) x V: (47/100) x 3.5= 1.645 litres Aggregates content of sample, A=100- V=53 % Volume of aggregate in sample, V= (A/100) x v: (53/100) x 3.5= 1.855 litres Numerically: V+ V= V Mass of empty glass container, M= 2239 g Mass of glass container + aggregate sample, M=7158 g Mass of aggregate particles, M= M- M=7158g-2239 g = 4919 g Bulk density of aggregates,= 1405.42 g/litres= 1.40542 g/ cm= 1405.42 kg/m Bulk density of aggregates,= 1405.42 g/litres= 1.40542 g/ cm = 1405.42 kg/...

The Olmec The First Great Mesoamerican Civilization.

The Olmec were the first great Mesoamerican civilization. They thrived along Mexico’s Gulf coast, mainly in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco, from about 1200 to 400 B.C., although there were pre-Olmec societies before that and post-Olmec (or Epi-Olmec) societies afterward. The Olmec were great artists and traders who culturally dominated early Mesoamerica from their mighty cities of San Lorenzo and La Venta. Olmec culture was greatly influential on later societies, such as the Maya and the Aztec. Before the Olmec The Olmec civilization is considered by historians to be â€Å"pristine:† this means that it developed on its own, without the benefit of immigration or cultural exchange with some other established society. Generally, only six pristine cultures are thought to exist: those of ancient India, Egypt, China, Sumeria, and the Chavin Culture of Peru in addition to the Olmec. That’s not to say that the Olmec appeared out of thin air. As early as 1500 B.C. pre-Olmec relics were being created at San Lorenzo, where the Ojochà ­, Bajà ­o, and Chichà ¡rras cultures would eventually develop into the Olmec. San Lorenzo and La Venta Two major Olmec cities are known to researchers: San Lorenzo and La Venta. These are not the names the Olmec knew them by: their original names have been lost to time. San Lorenzo thrived from approximately 1200-900 B.C. and it was the greatest city in Mesoamerica at the time. Many important works of art have been found in and around San Lorenzo, including the sculptures of the hero twins and ten colossal heads. The El Manatà ­ site, a bog which contained many priceless Olmec artifacts, is associated with San Lorenzo. After about 900 B.C., San Lorenzo was eclipsed in influence by La Venta. La Venta was also a mighty city, with thousands of citizens and far-reaching influence in the Mesoamerican world. Many thrones, colossal heads, and other major pieces of Olmec art have been found at La Venta. Complex A, a religious complex located in the royal compound at La Venta, is one of the most important ancient Olmec sites. Olmec Culture The ancient Olmec had a rich culture. Most of the common Olmec citizens labored in the fields producing crops or spent their days fishing in the rivers. Sometimes, massive amounts of manpower would be required to move immense boulders many miles to the workshops where sculptors would turn them into great stone thrones or colossal heads. The Olmec had religion and a mythology, and the people would gather near the ceremonial centers to watch their priests and rulers perform ceremonies. There was a priest class and a ruling class who lived privileged lives in the higher parts of the cities. On a more ghastly note, evidence suggests that the Olmec practiced both human sacrifice and cannibalism. Olmec Religion and Gods The Olmec had a well-developed religion, complete with an interpretation of the cosmos and several gods. To the Olmec, there were three parts of the known universe. First was the earth, where they lived, and it was represented by the Olmec Dragon. The watery underworld was the realm of the Fish Monster, and the Skies were the home of the Bird Monster. In addition to these three gods, researchers have identified five more: the Maize God, the Water God, the Feathered Serpent, the Banded-eye God and the were-jaguar. Some of these gods, such as the Feathered Serpent, would live on in the religions of later cultures such as the Aztecs and Maya. Olmec Art The Olmec were very talented artists whose skill and aesthetics are still admired today. They are best known for their colossal heads. These massive stone heads, thought to represent rulers, stand several feet high and weigh many tons. The Olmecs also made massive stone thrones: squarish blocks, carved on the sides, which were evidently used for rulers to sit or stand upon. The Olmecs made large and small sculptures, some of which are very significant. La Venta Monument 19 features the first image of a feathered serpent in Mesoamerican art. The El Azuzul twins seem to prove a link between the ancient Olmec and the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Maya. The Olmecs also made countless smaller pieces, including celts, figurines, and masks. Olmec Trade and Commerce: The Olmec were great traders who had contacts with other cultures from Central America to the Valley of Mexico. They traded away their finely made and polished celts, masks, figurines and small statues. In return, they obtained materials such as jadeite and serpentine, goods such as crocodile skins, seashells, shark teeth, stingray spines and basic necessities like salt. They also traded for cacao and brightly colored feathers. Their skill as traders helped disseminate their culture to different contemporary civilizations, which helped establish them as the parent culture for several later civilizations. Decline of the Olmec and the Epi-Olmec Civilization: La Venta went into decline around 400 B.C. and the Olmec civilization vanished along with it. The great Olmec cities were swallowed up by the jungles, not to be seen again for thousands of years. Why the Olmec declined is a bit of a mystery. It may have been climate change as the Olmec were dependent on a few basic crops and climate change could have affected their harvests. Human actions, such as warfare, overfarming or deforestation may have played a role in their decline as well. After the fall of La Venta, the center of what is known as epi-Olmec civilization became Tres Zapotes, a city which prospered for a while after La Venta. The epi-Olmec people of Tres Zapotes were also talented artists who developed concepts such as writing systems and a calendar. Importance of the Ancient Olmec Culture: The Olmec civilization is very important to researchers. As the parent civilization of much of Mesoamerica, they had influence out of proportion with their military might or architectural works. Olmec culture and religion survived them and became the foundation of other societies such as the Aztecs and Maya. Sources Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Cyphers, Ann. Surgimiento y decadencia de San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Diehl, Richard. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. Hardcover, Thames and Hudson, December 31, 2004. Gonzalez Tauck, Rebecca B. El Complejo A: La Venta, Tabasco Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). p. 49-54. Grove, David C. Cerros Sagradas Olmecas. Trans. Elisa Ramirez. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Miller, Mary and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. New York: Thames Hudson, 1993.